Aim:The aim of this study was to examine various storage environments for storing fragments before being bonded to the remaining teeth and also estimate the required force to fracture the restored teeth.Materials and Methods:Sixty mandibular incisor teeth were fractured on the incisal one-third and were divided into five groups of 12 each to be stored in normal saline, water, milk, saliva and dry environments for 24 hours. All the fractured parts in each group were bonded to their relevant apical parts by an etch and rinse bonding system and a flowable composite resin. The fracture resistance was measured by a universal testing machine, and the results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests.Results:The results revealed that the difference among the five groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Tukey tests showed that the force required for fracturing fragments kept in the milk and saliva environments were significantly higher than those for the normal saline, water and dry environments (P<0.05 ).Conclusions:It was concluded that keeping the fractured parts in milk and saliva environments can increase the required force for fracturing teeth more than the other environments.

Background:Proper analgesic agents should be used in combination with sedative agents. Remifentanil is a synthetic narcotic/analgesic agent with a short duration effect and decreases the risk of apnea during recovery. Bispectral index system (BIS) is a new noninvasive technique for the evaluation of the depth of sedation. The aim of present clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intravenous sedation with propofol/midazolam/remifentanil (PMR) in comparison to propofol/midazolam/ketamine (PMK) for dental procedures in children 3-7 years of age.Materials and Methods:In this clinical trial, 32 healthy uncooperative children who were candidates for dental treatments under sedation were randomly divided into two groups. Intravenous sedation was induced with PMR in one group and with PMK in the other group. After injection and during procedure BIS index, heart rate and respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation was evaluated every 5 min. After the procedure, recovery time was measured. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Friedman, Wilcoxon, and t-test.Results:The BIS value was significantly low in ketamin group (P = 0.003) but respiratory rates and heart rates were same in both groups with no statistical difference (P = 0.884, P = 0.775). The recovery time was significantly shorter in remifentanil group (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003).Conclusion:It can be concluded that intravenous sedation technique with PMR combination induces effective and safe sedation, with less pain and more forgetfulness and a shorter recovery time for children 3-7 years of age during dental procedures.

Background:Prefabricated band and loops require only one appointment, are quickly placed in a session, and do not require laboratory work; thus, they need less time and cost. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate of prefabricated band and loops in space maintenance of primary teeth and compare them with conventional band and loops.Materials and Methods:In this prospective clinical trial study 4–9-year-old patients, who met the requirements of the present study, were divided into two groups. The first group conventional band and loops and the second group prefabricated band and loops were placed. The patients were evaluated for cement dissolving. Failure of soldering (SF), breakdown, and deformation of each component of the band and loops, survival rate, and gingival health at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th-month Wilcoxon test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney test, Friedman test, and Kaplan–Meier test. Was used The level of statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.Results:The two groups were not significantly different at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th-month recalls in cement solution, SF, breakdown, and deformation of each component of the band and loops. The survival rate of the conventional and prefabricated band and loops was 92% in the 9 months, and no significant difference was witnessed in survival rates between the two groups. The prevalence of gingivitis in prefabricated band and loops and conventional band and loops in the 9th month was statistically insignificant (P = 0.03).Conclusion:There is a similar success rate for the conventional and prefabricated band and loops.

Background:One of the problems in studying serous effusion cytological samples is differentiation of reactive mesothelial cells from metastatic adenocarcinoma cells.Materials and Methods:In this study, the immunohistochemical diagnostic value of E-cadherin and fibronectin markers for differentiation of these 2 groups of cells was studied. 50 cell block samples prepared from serous effusions were examined. Based on clinical and histological studies, 25 cases had primary carcinoma, and the other 25 were proved to be benign effusion cases. All the cases were studied for E-cadherin and fibronectin immunostaining using an envision technique. Statistical analyzes were performed employing Chi-square and exact Fisher tests, using SPSS software (version 16).Results:24 of the 25 benign cases were stained with fibronectin and 2 with E-cadherin, whereas from among the 25 metastatic cases, 2 reacted to fibronectin and 22 to E-cadherin. Considering the staining of the 2 markers under conditions that the cells were stained with fibronectin but not with E-cadherin, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) to identify reactive mesothelial cells were 100% and 92.5% while under conditions that had not been stained with fibronectin but with E-cadherin, PPV and NPV to detect adenocarcinoma cells were 95.2% and 82.1%, respectively.Conclusion:Employing this short panel can be helpful for better differentiation of adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial cells in serous fluids.

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Background:This study was planned to determine the relationship between bispectoral index (BIS) during dental treatment and recovery conditions in children undergoing two regimes of anesthesia of propofol and isoflurane.Materials and Methods:In this single-blind clinical trial study, 57 4-7-year-old healthy children who had been referred for dental treatment under general anesthesia between 60 and 90 min were selected by convenience sampling and assigned to two groups, after obtaining their parents’ written consent. The anesthesia was induced by inhalation. For the first group, the anesthesia was preserved by a mixture of oxygen (50%), nitrous oxide (50%), and isoflurane (1%). For the second group, the anesthesia was preserved by a mixture of oxygen (50%), nitrous oxide (50%), and propofol was administered intravenously at a dose of 100 Ng/kg/min. The patients’ vital signs, BIS, and agitation scores were recorded every 10 min. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and t-tests at a significance level of α = 0.05 using SPSS version 20.Results:The results of independent t-test for anesthesia time showed no statistically significant difference between isoflurane and propofol (P = 0.87). Controlling age, the BIS difference between the two anesthetic agents was not significant (P > 0.05); however, it was negatively correlated with the duration of anesthesia and the discharge time (P = 0.001, r = -0.308) and (P < 0.001, r = -0.55).Conclusion:The same depth of anesthesia is produced by propofol and isoflurane, but lower recovery complications from anesthesia are observed with isoflurane.

BackgroundOral health is one of the most important factors affecting the general health of the community and families; in this regard, parents, especially mothers, can play an effective role in the oral and dental health of children. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women on children oral and dental health in the first pregnancy.MethodsThis cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy referred to Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics and private offices in Isfahan-Iran from. To assess the knowledge of mothers about oral and dental health, a researcher-made questionnaire including 24 questions was used which was evaluated and verified in terms of validity and reliability. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman tests. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05.ResultsThe results of this study showed that the knowledge of mothers on the oral health of the child was 8.66 ± 4.53, so that their knowledge was moderate in 82 (41%) and 109 (54.5%) in poor level And 9 (4.5%) were high. In addition, the relationship between mother’s age (r = 0.288), maternal education (r = 0.497) and family’s economic status (r = 0.182) with the mother’s knowledge of oral health were significant (P <0.05).ConclusionThe level of knowledge of pregnant mothers on their child’s oral and dental health was low, so it seems necessary to hold workshops and provide useful information before or during pregnancy.