BackgroundCapnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium found in the saliva of dogs and cats. Clinically significant infections in humans after a bite are often associated with the presence of immune deficiency. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for patient survival. In addition, patients with immune deficiency are susceptible to serious life-threatening nosocomial infections, which may also influence the prognosis of patients with Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection.Case presentationA 62-year-old Caucasian female was admitted with septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation after suffering two small bites from her dog. She had received a splenectomy during childhood. The patient survived after early empiric treatment with antibiotics and intensive supportive care, including ventilation support, a high dose of noradrenalin, and continuous venovenous hemodialysis applied prior to the definitive diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis. She improved within 2 weeks but, despite all efforts to prevent nosocomial infection, her hospital course was complicated by Enterococcus species and Candida albicans pleuropneumonia that prolonged her stay in the intensive care unit, and necessitated ventilation support for 2 months.ConclusionSevere Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis may be complicated by life-threatening nosocomial infection in immunocompromized patients. The prophylactic application of antibiotics after a dog bite should be considered in high-risk individuals with immune deficiency in order to prevent both Capnocytophyga canimorsus sepsis and serious nosocomial complications.
Hemodialýza představuje pro pacienty s akutním i chronickým selháním funkce ledvin život zachraňující metodu. Tato léčba vyžaduje dostatečně kapacitní a bezpečný cévní přístup. Zajištění optimálního cévního přístupu je tak předpokladem a nedílnou součástí péče o tyto nemocné. Kromě běžně známých cévních přístupů, jako jsou netunelizovaný nebo tunelizovaný hemodialyzační katétr a AV fistule, jsou k dispozici i metody méně známé, jako je translumbální nebo přímo do pravé síně chirurgicky zavedený hemodialyzační katétr. Tyto alternativní přístupy jsou však pro některé pacienty jedinou, život zachraňující alternativou. Ambicí tohoto přehledového článku je nabídnout ucelený pohled na dostupné možnosti cévního přístupu, algoritmus jeho volby a řešení nejčastějších komplikací v klinické praxi.
Background: Long peripheral catheter is 6–15 cm long vascular device. The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of complications of two types of long peripheral catheters with different length inserted in DIVA patients. Methods: Under ultrasound navigation 2.7F 6.4 cm or 4Fr 12 cm long peripheral catheter was inserted. Complications of both long peripheral catheters were prospectively observed and their relationship to the patient’s age, gender, selected vein, number of punctures and Barthel score system was evaluated. Results: Ninety-three 12 cm and fifty-five 6.4 cm long peripheral catheters were inserted. Median of dwelling time was 8 days for 6.4 cm and 9 days for 12 cm long peripheral catheter. There were 17 (26%) complications in 6.4 cm (38/1000 catheter days) and 15 (16%) in 12 cm catheter (17/1000 catheter days), p = 0.04. The complications of both peripheral catheters were not associated with the age of patients, gender, number of punctures and selected vein for insertion. Unlike 12 cm catheter, the complications of 6.4 cm long peripheral catheter were significantly associated with the result of Barthel scoring system ( p = 0.003). Conclusion: The frequency of complications was more common with 6,4 cm than with 12 cm catheter.
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