The development of transportation networks has been an important factor in accelerating economic and trade progress in Lampung and southern Sumatra since the second decade of the 20th century. The development of transportation facilities has changed the centers of economic activity and settlements in the Lampung region from being centered around rivers to roads and railways. This article discusses the development of transport networks to support the changes in the Lampung region from the mid-19th century to the third decade of the 20th century. This study also explains the development of transport facilities in creating trans Java-Sumatra economic integration during the colonial period. This study aimed to reconstruct the financial history and transport networks of the Lampung region. This study provides a perspective on forming the trans-Sumatra transport network that made Lampung known as the "Gateway of Sumatra.” The study on "The Development of Transportation Network in Lampung (1859-1927)" was prepared using a historical method that included four stages of work: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The development of integrated transport facilities in the Lampung region since the end of the war in 1856 has changed various aspects of the lives of the Lampung people. This study showed that the river has no longer become an essential part of the life of the Lampung people since the mid-19th century. Settlement patterns and economic activity centers located on the riverside began to change following the road and railway lines that were formed later. Keywords: transportation network; Lampung; Zuid-Sumatra spoorwagen; Dutch East Indies transportation system; modernization of the Dutch East Indies
This paper aims to find out the considerations of the colonial government in building transportation infrastructure to facilitate economic exploitation on the west coast of Kalimantan. For this reason, this paper questions road construction as the only option for the colonial government when faced with the idea of constructing a railway which at that time was the latest trend in land transportation and the environmental realities that had been built, namely waterway. The problem was studied using the historical method with an urban studies approach. The result shows that road construction that is “a middle ground” is in line with “the idea of progress” that was emerging in the Nederland Indies in the context of the New Order (the New Colonial World). The “ideas” consisting of expansion, efficiency, and welfare are detected from (1) the embryo of a coastal road that has been developed since the second half of the 19th century, (2) pacification and supervision for coastal areas which were the former centers of the Kongsi Wars, (3) optimization of economic connectivity, and (4) development of alternative roads.
The study of spices in Kalimantan area tends to focus on pepper, a commodity that can be said to introduce this island as a 'pepper country' to the wider world in the maps made by European explorers. In fact, other commodities, such as garu (agarwood) and sintok (wild cinnamon), have also been traded long before pepper. As a commodity, the two endemic fragrances that grow naturally in the forest certainly have different effects on the community than the cultivated pepper. How the mutual influence that binds between the community and the environment in the perfume trade is the focus that will be revealed using the historical method with an environmental history approach. Thus, the environment becomes an aspect that is also discussed in changing people's lives. This is different from the study of pepper which focuses more on the political-economic aspects. The results showed that the production and trade system of perfumery spices is engaged with the values, traditions, and rules of the local forester of Dayak as the main actors, both as individuals and groups.
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