Abstracturban tourism has become a significant phenomenon of tourism over the last decade. the importance of urban tourism has grown mainly due to the development of transport and information technologies. rapid advancement of low cost airlines and reduction of administrative barriers owing to the expansion of the schengen area caused not only the development of a number of urban destinations, including Prague, but also the growth of new source markets. this paper compares the development of urban tourism in Prague with the situation in Vienna and Budapest in the last decade. the aim of the paper is to describe the main trends of tourism development and the geographic distribution of tourism in Prague in comparison with culturally and historically similar cities -Vienna and Budapest. the analysis shows high load of tourism in Prague and its strong concentration in the old city. this causes congestion in the city centre and an extrusion of residential functions by the functions of tourism. As a result, a tourism ghetto has been formed in the centre of Prague and the urban society has been increasingly dualized.
Zoos are one of the most visited tourist attractions worldwide - we should perceive them, therefore, not only as places where animals are kept, but also as places frequented by large numbers of people. This is why we talk of zoo tourism. However, there are different definitions of a zoo. This wide range of possible approaches to what actually the zoo is poses a major methodological problem for the research analysis as well as for the zoo management and related legislation. Zoos are historically and socially determined. We can talk not only about the evolution of zoos but also about the co-evolution of zoos alongside many types of zoos. Nowadays, there is no doubt that there is a large number of modern and naturalistic zoos oriented on conservation, but there are also many zoos designed as popular animal-based attractions where animals live in unsuitable conditions. The principal aim of this article is to introduce and discuss problematic approaches to what zoos are and to suggest a use of a wider zoo definition.
The article presents a comparative study of the evolution, present state, location, regulation, trends and perspectives of second home tourism and its research in Czechia and Sweden as examples, respectively, of a Central- European, post-communist and a Nordic country. The results are based on long-term research on second housing at Charles University in Prague and Umeå University in Sweden. A broad range of literature, along with extensive personal experience, proves that second housing processes and factors influencing the ownership and location have much in common, regardless of differing historical, socio-economic and political backgrounds. Such processes are related to specific lifestyle and leisure practices in combination with activities in nature as well as stages in the urbanization process. Social and subjective factors prevailed the political (and economic) terms. The Nordic countries exhibit comparable absolute and relative data on second homes, similar schemes of recreational commuting and trends concerning the transformation of second homes into permanent dwellings, or the dissolution of differences between the utilization of both types of homes. Other common features can be found in commercialization and internationalization in recent decades. Changes in second housing should be explored in light of demographic changes in terms of owners and users, tax policies and the development of recreational municipalities. Generally, the trends reflect the changes in mobility with the shift of tourism society toward leisure society.
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