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The use of a specially designed silastic keel endoscopically inserted into the larynx to prevent restenosis after division of anterior commisure webs of the larynx is described. The treatment of such webs is discussed.

Substantial compression of the perineal cavernous spaces may occur with total seat pressure values of less than 40% of typical seat loads.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether a novel GPS-like position-sensing technology will enable accurate co-registration of images between imaging modalities. BACKGROUND Co-registration of images obtained by different imaging modalities will allow for comparison and fusion between imaging modalities, and therefore has significant clinical and research implications. We compared US and MR images of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) specimens using a novel position-sensing technology that uses an electromagnetic (EM) transmitter and sensors mounted on a US transducer. We then evaluated in vivo US-US and US-MRI co-registration. METHODS Thirteen CEA specimens underwent 3.0 Tesla MRI, after which images were uploaded to a LOGIQ E9 3D (GE Healthcare) US system and registered by identifying 2–3 common points. A similar method was used to evaluate US-MRI co-registration in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. For carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) measurements, ten volunteers underwent bilateral carotid US scans co-registered to 3D US maps created on the initial visit, with a repeat scan 2 days later. RESULTS For the CEA specimens, there was a mean 20 (standard error [SE] 2.0) frames per MRI slice. The mean frame difference, over 33 registration markers, between MR and US images for Readers 1 and 2 was −2.82 ± 19.32 (mean ± 95% confidence interval [CI]) frames and 2.09 ± 14.68 (mean ± 95% CI) frames, respectively. The US-MRI intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the first and second readers were 0.995 and 0.997, respectively. For patients with carotid atherosclerosis, the mean US frames per MRI slice (9 [SE 2.3]) was within range of that observed with CEA specimens. Inter-visit, intra-reader, and inter-reader reproducibility of C-IMT measurements were consistently high (side-averaged ICC >0.9). CONCLUSION Accurate co-registration between US and other modalities is feasible with a GPS-like technology, which has significant clinical and research applicability.

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