A photocatalyst-free radical cleavage of α-diazo
sulfonium
salts has been developed for the first time. The reaction provides
an efficient method for the generation of diazomethyl radicals from
α-diazosulfonium triflates under photochemical conditions. Utilizing
the in situ generated diazomethyl radicals as key intermediate, the
coupling cyclization reaction of α-diazosulfonium triflates
with α-oxocarboxylic acids or alkynes has been achieved. The
method affords a diverse set of important 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
and 3,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrazoles with excellent
regioselectivity in a single step. A reaction mechanism involving
a radical pathway was further supported by control experiments and
DFT calculations.
A PPTS (pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate)-catalyzed bicyclization reaction of 2-isocyanobenzaldehydes as 1,5-dielectrophiles with various amines has been developed. The reaction not only provides a simple and efficient strategy for the assembly of structurally diverse fused quinazoline derivatives from readily available substrates under metal-free and mild conditions in a single step with only water and hydrogen as the by-products, but also opens the way to the application of o-formyl arylisocyanides in the synthesis of nitrogencontaining heterocycles.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Reduced activity and slower metabolism in the elderly affect the balance of lipid metabolism in the liver leading to the accumulation of lipids. This affects the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the efficiency of β-oxidation and induces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the dynamic balance of the mitochondria is disrupted during the ageing process, which inhibits its phagocytic function and further aggravates liver injury, leading to a higher incidence of NAFLD in the elderly population. The present study reviewed the manifestations, role and mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of NAFLD in the elderly. Based on the understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal lipid metabolism, this study discusses the treatment strategies and the potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD, including lipid accumulation, antioxidation, mitophagy and liver-protecting drugs. The purpose is to provide new ideas for the development of innovative drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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