Metallic Zn as a promising anode material of aqueous batteries suffers from severe parasitic reactions and notorious dendrite growth. To address these issues, the desolvation and nucleation processes need to be carefully regulated. Herein, Zn foils coated by ZnF2–Ag nanoparticles (ZnF2–Ag@Zn) are used as a model to modulate the desolvation and nucleation processes by hybrid surfaces, where Ag has a strong affinity to Zn adatoms and ZnF2 shows an intense adsorption to H2O. This selective adsorption of different species on ZnF2 and Ag reduces the mutual interference between two species. Therefore, ZnF2–Ag@Zn exhibits the electrochemical performance much better than ZnF2@Zn or Ag@Zn. Even at −40 °C, the full cells using ZnF2–Ag@Zn demonstrate an ultralong lifespan of 5000 cycles with a capacity retention of almost 100%. This work provides new insights to improve the performance of Zn metal batteries, especially at low temperatures.

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Zn anodes plays a pivotal role for high‐rate and long‐life aqueous batteries, because it effectively inhibits side reactions and dendritic growth. Many materials are explored as SEIs by a trial‐and‐error approach. Herein, an exercisable way is proposed to screen the potential SEIs on Zn anodes in view of dendrite‐suppressing ability and charge‐transfer property theoretically. As an output of this screening, Zn3(BO3)2 (ZBO) is checked experimentally. In symmetrical cells, Zn@ZBO runs over 250 h at an ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm−2 for a large areal capacity 10 mAh cm−2. In full cells, Zn@ZBO||MnO2 shows an impressive cumulative capacity (≈406 mAh cm−2) under harsh conditions, i.e., a lean electrolyte condition (10 µL mAh−1), limited Zn supply (negative/positive electrode capacity ratio, N/P ratio = 2.3), and high areal capacity (5.0 mAh cm−2). The significance of this work lies in not only the first report of ZBO on Zn showing excellent electrochemical performance, but also a feasible way to screen the promising SEI materials for other metal anodes.

Zn metal as one of promising anode materials for aqueous batteries suffers from notorious dendrite growth, serious Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution. Here, a bifunctional electrolyte additive, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), is developed to improve the electrochemical performance of Zn anode. NMP not only alters the solvation structure of Zn 2 + , but also in situ produces a dense N-rich solid-electrolyte-interphase layer on Zn foils. This layer protects Zn foils from corrosive electrolytes and benefits the uniform plating/stripping of Zn. Hence, the asymmetrical cells with NMP in the electrolyte retain a high coulombic efficiency of 99.8 % over 1000 cycles. The symmetric cells survive � 200 h for 10 mAh cm À 2 at a high Zn utilization of 85.6 %. The full cells of Zn j j MnO 2 show an impressive cumulative capacity even with lean electrolyte (E/C ratio = 10 μL mAh À 1 ), limited Zn supply (N/P ratio = 2.3) and high areal capacity (5.0 mAh cm À 2 ).

In recent years, domestic and international researchers have been committed to the research of lithium-ion batteries. As the key to further improving the performance of the battery, the quality of the cathode material directly affects the performance indicators of the lithium battery; thus, the cathode material occupies the core position in the lithium-ion battery. LiFePO4 is a relatively excellent material for lithium-ion batteries, which has many advantages of low cost, high capacity, and environmental friendliness. However, as a result of the low conductivity of lithium iron phosphate and the slow diffusion rate of lithium ion, the development of lithium iron phosphate in the power battery industry is restricted. As a power battery applied in real life, there is still a lot of research space in energy density, consistency, and low-temperature performance. After years of efforts, researchers continue to explore the charging and discharging principle of lithium iron phosphate, to optimize the synthesis route, and to try coating, doping modification, and other methods to improve the performance of the material. This paper analyzes and summarizes the defects of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials and modification methods and provides an outlook on the future research direction of lithium iron phosphate.

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This paper discusses the relationship between innovative resources, promotion focus, adaptive governance and responsible innovation. In accordance with the path of “demand—motivation—behavior”, this paper takes adaptive governance as the moderator, and constructs an influence relationship model of “innovative resources—promotion focus (adaptive governance)—responsible innovation”. Then this paper takes 361 managers from above the middle management level and the technical personnel of enterprises as the investigation objects, and conducts empirical research by using the structural equation model. The results show that: (1) innovative resources have a significant positive impact on responsible innovation; (2) promotion focus partially mediates the effect of innovative resources on responsible innovation; (3) adaptive governance has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between innovative resources and responsible innovation. The results enrich the quantitative research of responsible innovation, reveal the internal mechanism of innovative resources affecting responsible innovation, provide a new way for technological innovation governance and provide a new way of thinking for the transformation from the traditional innovation paradigm into a sustainable innovation paradigm.

Recent animal studies have found neuronal expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the developmental expression profiles of MHC class I in human CNS remain unclear. Here, we systemically evaluate the expression and subcellular localization of MHC class I molecules during human CNS development using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Between the age of 20-33 gestational weeks (GW), MHC class I expression was relatively absent in the cerebral cortex with the exception of a few neurons; however, expression increased rapidly in the cochlear nuclei and in the cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells while increasing slowly in the substantia nigra. Expression was also detected in some nuclei and nerve fibers of the brain stem including the ambiguus nucleus, the locus coeruleus and the solitary tract as early as 20 GW and persisted through 33 GW. These early-stage neural cells with MHC class I protein expression later developed neuronal morphology. 30-33 GW is an important period of MHC class I expression in neurons, and during this period, MHC class I molecules were found to be enriched not only in neuronal cell bodies and neurites but also in nerve fibers and in the surrounding stroma. No expression was detected in the adult brain with exception of the cerebrovascular endothelium. MHC class I molecules displayed greater postsynaptic colocalization in cerebellar Purkinje cells, in the lateral geniculate nucleus and in the cochlear nuclei. These results demonstrate diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns for MHC class I molecules in the prenatal human CNS and strongly support the notion that MHC class I molecules play important roles in both CNS development and plasticity.