This paper aims to provide the basis of the parameters and data interpretation for some important problems, such as the identification of the type of overlying strata and the analytical calculation, where the coal mine is employed as the object of the study. Particularly, the rock structure and fracture development characteristics of the overlying strata were observed, and the development conditions of the fracture zone were counted. By utilizing the on-site stress data, the inclination of the broken zone based on the rock fracture theory was calculated. The study shows that the distribution of the mining fissure is related to the rock and integrity degree of the strata, and that the native maximum expansion angle of fissure is 70.54°. With mining influence, small angle native shallow fissures will be bound to expansion, and the deep-mined fissure extension will be developed in the same direction. Moreover, it is easy to form the abscission layer, and then eventually form the fracture zone. The research results of this paper will not only provide an important foundation for the engineering practice, but also benefit the study of the simultaneous extraction of coal and gas.
Tunnel engineering is an important aspect of developing and utilizing underground spaces. Tunnel water inrush became a common problem that restricts the safe and efficient construction of tunnels. This paper focuses on a karst water-rich tunnel in Chongqing and establishes a seepage field distribution model around the tunnel, analyzing the evolution law of the seepage field. The water balance method and underground runoff modulus method are used to predict tunnel water inflow. The prediction method for tunnel water inflow in water-rich karst areas is combined with long-term on-site tunnel hydrology observations. The distribution of groundwater in front of the tunnel face is drawn using the software, successfully predicting the larger karst area in front of the face. The prediction of water inrush risk level for karst tunnels is carried out using the SVR model. An expression formula for the water head around the tunnel is established by using the conformal mapping relationship, and the distribution status of the seepage field around the tunnel is ultimately determined. The overall prediction accuracy of the underground runoff modulus method is better than that of the water balance method in predicting the water inrush volume of the tunnel. The prediction of the large karst area ahead of the heading is successfully achieved by using the SVR model. This prediction method can provide reference and guidance for the construction of other karst-rich water tunnels in the region.
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