Patellofemoral dislocations are frequently associated with chondral injury. Chondral and osteochondral lesions are often associated with traumatic (high energy) patellofemoral dislocations whereas atraumatic (low energy) patellofemoral dislocations in patients with significant patellofemoral risk factors have a much lower incidence of osteochondral damage. This article provides a historical overview and delineates the current state of radiographic and clinical outcomes of osteochondral lesions after patellofemoral dislocation. The importance of understanding risk factors of redislocation is emphasized and the current treatment options for these cartilage lesions associated with patellofemoral dislocation are briefly summarized.
Experience-seekers continuously pursue novel environmental stimuli, a tendency linked to genetic variation in mesolimbic dopamine transmission. However, the neuroantomical basis accompanying these genetic and neurochemical associations is unknown. Animal and human experimental results suggest a central role for the hippocampus in processing novel stimuli. Here, we explored whether differences in human experience seeking are related to variations in hippocampal volume. High resolution anatomic MR images were analyzed in 40 individuals who ranged from low through high on a validated experience seeking personality scale. Manual tracing analysis demonstrated positive correlation between right hippocampal volumes and scores on the experience seeking scale. A separate voxel-based morphometric analysis confirmed these results and localized the significant increase to the anterior portion of right hippocampal grey matter. We tested and were able to reject the possibility that results were mediated by a personality trait related to, but distinct from, experience seeking. The present data provide the first direct evidence for a relationship between human experience seeking and brain structure. In addition, these results provide new ecologically relevant evidence for a link between right anterior hippocampus and novelty processing.
In the fall of 1963, the University of Texas was named consensus college football national champions by dint of their 10-0 record. As the Southwestern Conference champion, the Longhorns received a bid to the Cotton Bowl in Dallas on New Year's Day 1964, where they defeated the #2-ranked United States Naval Academy (Navy) and Heisman Trophy winner (and future National Football League star) Roger Staubach, 28-6. The win gave Texas its first-ever national title, one they would repeat at the end of the decade with the last all-White squad to lay claim the mythical title. Navy had to settle for winning the Lambert Trophy, awarded by vote to the top team in the East. 1 Elsewhere in the college football landscape, other changes were in evidence. Instant replay technology debuted during the broadcast of the Army-Navy game in December. Several weeks before, in the rural and forested State of Maine, two other football rivals were preparing for a gridiron showdown of their own. Bowdoin College and the University of Maine were set to battle at Alumni Field on Maine's campus in Orono, with the winner claiming the "State Series" title, the de facto college football championship of the Pine Tree State. Four Maine schools-Bates College (in Lewiston), Colby College (in Waterville), Bowdoin (in Brunswick) and Maine-competed in a round-robin schedule, the State Series, with the team with the best record among the four awarded the crown. Both Bowdoin and Maine entered the season finale undefeated in State Series play. Bowdoin had beaten Bates at home 14-7 the previous week on a late touchdown, and had edged Colby in Waterville 21-13 two weeks earlier. Maine had soundly beaten both Bates (49-0) and Colby (55-12) to set up the November 9 showdown. The Bowdoin student newspaper, the Orient, gave this succinct preview of the game: "The final verdict of the 1963 State Series will be, as predicted, handed down at Orono tomorrow. .. Maine's combined scoring in the two series games of 104 points indicates that the Bowdoin defense is about to face its stiffest test to date." 2 But this highly anticipated contest was not merely a season-ending battle between two regional grid rivals. The game would be the penultimate one in the series, which began in 1893. The previous April, Bowdoin's Governing Boards
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