BACKGROUND
To investigate a conclusive relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the risk of stroke, we performed a meta-analysis of the available relevant studies.
METHODS
After a systematic search of studies in electronic databases, we screened all studies reporting the risk of DR status and stroke incidence and calculated their odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). The effects of type of diabetes and severity of DR were also considered for subgroup analysis.
RESULTS
We included a total of 19 studies involving 45,495 patients. A pooled HR=1.62 (1.28, 2.06) were found for the risk of DR and stroke in diabetic patients. In a subgroup analysis performed on the type of diabetes, the results showed a significant association between stroke incidence and DR status in patients with T2D (OR: 1.78; 95% CL: 1.53, 2.08), but this association was not conclusive in T1D (OR: 1.77; 95% CL: 0.48, 6.61). The results of the subgroup analysis with diabetes severity showed that both mild and moderate NPDR status and severe NPDR and worse status significantly increased the risk of stroke with HRs of 2,01 (1.45, 2.78) and 2.27 (1.52, 3.39), respectively.
CONCLUSION
DR status in diabetic patients is associated with an increased risk of stroke. This correlation was robust in patients with T2D, but uncertain in T1D. Based on this result, we have perhaps found the new factor for stroke management, so we analyzed the necessity and advantages of considering DR as a factor for stroke screening and risk management in our studies.
This case report describes a patient aged 27 years who presented with retinal cystoid abnormalities resulting from chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that gave the appearance of sunglasses in the eye.
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