A phytochemical investigation of aquilariae lignum resinatum, the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, led to the isolation of nine new 2‐(2‐phenylethyl)chromone derivatives, aquilarones A–I (1–9), together with two known analogues (10 and 11). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, as well as by chemical methods. The absolute configuration of aquilarone A (1) was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of its acetonide derivative 1a. All the compounds exhibited significant inhibition of the nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells, with IC50 values in the range of 5.12–22.26 μM. In addition, an HPLC–UV comparison analysis of the resinous wood and resin‐free wood is also included.
Bile acids, as the water-soluble amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism, are important due to their roles in elimination of cholesterol and absorption of lipids and fatsoluble vitamins in the intestine.1) C24 bile acids found in most mammals are present in bile as N-acyl amidates (conjugates) of taurine or glycine.2) All primary C24 bile acids have a hydroxyl group at C-3 which is from cholesterol and at C-7, as cholesterol 7a-hydroxylation is the rate-limiting step in bile acid biosynthesis. Thus, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oic acid) is the root C24 bile acid.3) Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid) are widely used for the treatment of cholesterol gall-stones and ursodeoxycholic acid has been introduced for the therapy of cholestatic liver diseases. [4][5][6][7][8][9] In the previous study, several bile acids including CDCA, CA, TCDCA, TUDCA, TCA were obtained from bile of Ursus arctos by Yamaguchi et al. 10) In order to search for new natural bioactive constituents from animal bile and provide chemical standards for the research on its quality control, two kinds of bile from different animals including Selenaretos thibetanus CUVIER and Anser anser domesticus were chemically investigated in our research group. This paper describes the isolation and structural determination of two novel bile acids, tauroselocholic acid (1), tauroansocholic acid (2), and a new natural bile acid, cygnocholic acid (3) which had been synthesized by Iida et al.,11) together with seven known compounds from these two kinds of bile. Results and DiscussionCompound 1 was isolated as colorless syrup, and it showed positive Gregory Pascoe reaction, suggesting it to be a bile acid. Its molecular formula C 26 H 45 NO 7 S was established by the pseudo-molecular ion peak at m/z 514.2860 [MϪH] Ϫ in the HR-ESI-MS and confirmed by the NMR data analysis. The IR spectrum indicated the presence of hydroxyl group (3420 cm C-NMR spectra (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT)) exhibited three methyls, twelve methylenes, seven methines and four quaternary carbons. Analysis of the 13 C-NMR spectrum showed three hydroxylated carbons at d 68.2 (CH), 73.1 (CH) and 75.8 (q C), and one amide carbonyl at d 176.6. The above data showed high similarity with those of the known compound, 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid N- [2-sulfoethyl] amide (8) 10) except for an additional hydroxyl group, which implied 1 to has 3a-hydroxyl and 7a-hydroxyl substituents. Interpretation of the 1 H-1 H correlation spectroscopy (COSY) spectrum led to the determination of partial structures I, II and III (Fig. 2). Partial structure I were connected to II by heteronuclear multiple bonding connectivity (HMBC) correlations (Fig. 2) from H 3 -19 to C-5, C-9, C-10, from H 3 -18 to C-12, C-13, C-14, C-17, and from H-11b to C-8. The structural moiety I was also connected to III by HMBC correlations (Fig. 2) from H 2 -23 and H 2 -25 to C-24. Analysis of 13 C-NMR spectra t...
Two new phenolic glycosides, itosides J (1) and K (2), two new cylcohexenoyl glycosides, itosides L (3) and M (4), a new flavone glycoside, itoside N (5), and echitin (6) were isolated from the extract of the bark, twigs, and leaves of Itoa orientalis, together with 22 known compounds. The structures were elucidated by means of UV, IR, MS, and NMR techniques, and the relative configuration of compound 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. NMR data for 6 are reported for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, 5, and phenolic glycosides 7- 22 were also assayed for anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2. Compounds 8, 10, 12- 14, 16, 19, 24, 26, and 27 showed significant inhibitory effects, with inhibitory rates of 49.7-85.3% at 10 microM.
Three new phenolic glycosides, scolochinenosides C-E ( 1- 3), and a new triterpenoid, scolopianate A ( 4), were isolated from the stems of SCOLOPIA CHINENSIS, along with 15 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compound 3 contains a novel highly oxygenated lactone bridge ring attached at the aglycone. Six lanostane triterpenoids ( 10- 15) were discovered for the first time in a species other than GANODERMA LUCIDUM (Polyporaceae). In addition, the phenolic glycosides were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against snake venom phosphodiesterase I.
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