SonjeHPV16 genotype, p16/Ki-67 dual staining and koilocytic morphology as potential predictors of the clinical outcome for cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions Objective: To evaluate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and non-16 genotype, p16/Ki-67 dual staining and koilocytosis and their role in the prediction of the clinical outcome of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology. Methods: One hundred and fifty-five patients with LSIL were followed up and recorded as progression, persistence or regression. HPV genotyping was performed for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA-positive cases. Koilocytosis was reviewed and p16/Ki-67 dual staining was performed on reprocessed conventional cytology slides. Results: HPV16 was the most frequent genotype found in 16.3% of cases. p16/Ki-67 dual staining was positive in 36.1% of all cases. Progression, including concurrent cervical intraepithelial lesion grade 2 or above (CIN2+), was recorded in 13.8% of cases. A statistically significant difference between progressive and non-progressive cases was shown by the following: hrHPV-positive versus hrHPV-negative (P = 0.022), HPV16-positive versus non-16 HPV-positive (P < 0.001) and p16/Ki-67-positive versus p16/Ki-67-negative (P < 0.001) cases. Cases with combined HPV16 and p16/Ki-67 positivity showed the highest progression rate (58.3%). Non-koilocytic HPV16-positive cases showed a 50% progression rate compared with 10.1% for koilocytic non-16 HPVpositive cases (P = 0.010). The sensitivity of p16/Ki-67 dual staining for the detection of CIN2+ lesions was 80%, comparable with hrHPV (85%). The specificity of p16/Ki-67 dual staining was 71% and of hrHPV 42%. The highest specificity was found for HPV16 genotype presence (91%), but with low sensitivity (50%). Conclusion: HPV genotyping, p16/Ki-67 dual staining and koilocytic morphology can be useful in the prediction of clinical outcome in women initially diagnosed with LSIL cytology.
Objective Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) represent 2%–5% of all ovarian malignancies. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and pathohistological parameters and their impact on recurrence, overall, and disease-free survival in FIGO stage I AGCT patients. Methods The tumor specimens analyzed in this retrospective study were obtained from a total of 36 patients with diagnosis of ovarian AGCT surgically treated at the Department of Gynecology, Rijeka University Hospital Centre, between 1994 and 2012. Clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were collected. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 54.5 years with a range of 24–84. The majority of the patients, 30 (83%), were in FIGO stage IA, 3 (8%) in stage IC1, 1 (3%) in stage IC2, and 2 (6%) in stage IC3. During follow-up period (median 117.5 months, range 26–276), recurrence occurred in 4 patients (12%) with 2 deaths of the disease recorded. In univariate analysis, the 5-year survival rates were significantly shorter in patients with FIGO substage IC (p = 0.019), with positive LVSI (p = 0.022), with presence of necrosis (p = 0.040), and with hemorrhage (p = 0.017). In univariate analysis, the 5-year disease-free survival rates were significantly shorter in patients treated with fertility surgery (p = 0.004), with diffuse growth pattern (p = 0.012), with moderate and severe nuclear atypia (p = 0.032), and with presence of hemorrhage (p = 0.022). FIGO substage IC proved to be independent predictor for recurrence (OR = 16.87, p = 0.015, and OR = 23.49, p = 0.023, resp.) and disease-free survival (p = 0.0002; HR 20.84, p = 0.02) at the uni- and multivariate analyses. Conclusions FIGO substage IC is predictive of recurrence and disease-free survival in patients with early-stage AGCTs. LVSI, presence of necrosis and hemorrhage, diffuse growth pattern, and nuclear atypia in AGCTs seem to be associated with overall and disease-free survival, so these pathological features should be taken into consideration when managing patients with AGCT.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of the diagnostic Pap test (DPT) on three slides and punch biopsy and endocervical curettage (PB/ECC) compared with the final biopsy material in the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Materials and methods: Patients treated with conization after previous DPT and PB/ECC were analyzed. The findings of the DPT and PB/ECC as well as of the endocervical brush cytology and ECC were compared with the final conus histology. Results: 150 patients were analyzed, and final histology verified 145 cases of HSIL and 3 cancers. The percentage of confirmed HSIL cytology was 97%, while for PB/ECC it was 79% with 30/145 false negative results. The correlation between Pap test and PB/ECC showed that the diagnostic accuracy of DPT is significantly higher (p < 0.0001). Endocervical brush cytology confirmed HSIL+ in the endocervical canal in 83% and ECC in 35% of cases (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The DPT on three slides enables better detection of HSIL compared to PB/ECC, particularly for lesions localized in the endocervical canal sampled with a cytobrush. A high quality DPT could represent a surrogate for PB/ECC and open the possibility of direct access to therapeutic procedure.
Sažetak. Cilj:Prikazati slučaj pacijentice s primarnim seroznim karcinomom jajovoda, opisati dijagnostički postupak te analizirati ulogu citološke dijagnostike u detekciji ovog tipa tumora. Prikaz slučaja: Pedesetogodišnja pacijentica prethodno je obrađivana u drugoj ustanovi zbog bolova u trbuhu i radiološki dokazanih uvećanih supraklavikularnih, aortokavalnih i ilijačnih limfnih čvorova. Nakon učinjene laparoskopske ekstirpacije limfnih čvorova zbog sumnje na limfoproliferativnu bolest, patohistološkom i imunohistokemijskom analizom utvrđeno je da se radi o metastatskom adenokarcinomu, vjerojatno podrijetla iz ginekološkog sustava ili dojke. Radiološkom obradom dojki nisu pronađene promjene suspektne na malignitet. PET/CT analizom (pozitronska emisijska tomografija/kompjutorizirana tomografija) uočeno je pojačano nakupljanje radiofarmaka u predjelu vrata i tijela maternice. U preoperativnoj obradi učinjena je citološka punkcija uvećanog supraklavikularnog limfnog čvora te je imunocitokemijskom analizom utvrđeno da se radi o metastatskom seroznom adenokarcinomu. U Papa-testu pronađene su maligne stanice jednake morfologije, bez tumorske dijateze, što je upućivalo na ekstrauterini adenokarcinom, a sugerirano je podrijetlo jajnika ili jajovoda. Učinjena je eksplorativna kiretaža, ali je patohistološki nalaz bio uredan. Pacijentica je predviđena za histerektomiju s obostranom adnekstektomijom. Tijekom operativnog zahvata uočeno je proširenje desnog jajovoda tumorskim tkivom koje je probijalo stijenku jajovoda. Učinjena je lavaža peritonealne šupljine u kojoj su pronađene maligne stanice adenokarcinoma. Patohistološka analiza potvrdila je da se radi o primarnom seroznom karcinomu jajovoda s metastazama u jajnicima. Zaključak: Zahvaljujući brzini i preciznosti primijenjenih citodijagnostičkih pretraga dijagnostičko-terapijski postupak pravilno je usmjeren i pravovremeno proveden. Prikazani slučaj potvrđuje da citološka analiza može pridonijeti dijagnostici tumora s neuobičajenom kliničkom prezentacijom ili tumora nejasnog podrijetla.
Sažetak. Papa-test je najbolji morfološki test probira za rak koji pomoću analize citologije vrata maternice otkriva predstadije i rane stadije raka vrata maternice. U Hrvatskoj se koristi u okviru oportunističkog probira, a od 1. 12. 2012. u organiziranom nacionalnom probiru. U svrhu klasifikacije i standardizacije citoloških nalaza vrata maternice u cijeloj Hrvatskoj koristi se modifikacija Bethesda klasifikacije. Obrazac sadrži kliničke podatke o pacijentici koje ispunjava ginekolog i citološki nalaz koji na osnovi analize Papa-testa pod svjetlosnim mikroskopom izdaje klinički citolog. U ovom preglednom radu opisuju se citomorfološke osobine abnormalnih pločastih i cilindričnih stanica vrata maternice te njihov klinički značaj. Zbog dokazane povezanosti humanog papiloma-virusa (HPV) s rakom vrata maternice sve češće se detekcija visokorizičnog HPV-a uvodi u probir za rak vrata maternice. U novije vrijeme metode temeljene na biološkim biljezima primjenjuju se na citološkim uzorcima u svrhu poboljšanja osjetljivosti i specifičnosti citologije u otkrivanju lezija visokog stupnja.
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