is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract This paper deals with driving simulation and in particular with the important issue of motion sickness. The paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the objective illness rating metrics deduced from the motion sickness dose value and questionnaires for both a static simulator and a dynamic simulator. Accelerations of the vestibular cues (head movements) of the subjects were recorded with and without motion platform activation. In order to compare user experiences in both cases, the head-dynamics-related illness ratings were computed from the obtained accelerations and the motion sickness dose values. For the subjective analysis, the principal component analysis method was used to determine the conflict between the subjective assessment in the static condition and that in the dynamic condition. The principal component analysis method used for the subjective evaluation showed a consistent difference between the answers given in the sickness questionnaire for the static platform case from those for the dynamic platform case. The two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test shows the significance in the differences between the self-reports to the individual questions. According to the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test, experiencing nausea (p = 0.019 \ 0.05) and dizziness (p = 0.018 \ 0.05) decreased significantly from the static case to the dynamic case. Also, eye strain (p = 0.047 \ 0.05) and tiredness (p = 0.047 \ 0.05) were reduced significantly from the static case to the dynamic case. For the perception fidelity analysis, the Pearson correlation with a confidence interval of 95% was used to study the correlations of each question with the x illness rating component IR x , the y illness rating component IR y , the z illness rating component IR z and the compound illness rating IR tot . The results showed that the longitudinal head dynamics were the main element that induced discomfort for the static platform, whereas vertical head movements were the main factor to provoke discomfort for the dynamic platform case. Also, for the dynamic platform, lateral vestibular-level dynamics were the major element which caused a feeling of fear.

This paper deals with the effects of different washout algorithms used for Stewart platforms on subjective and objective ratings. Washout algorithms are used to represent vehicle dynamics in a restricted spatial place. An adaptive washout algorithm was realized to control the hexapod platform, depending on the specific force error in longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions, in order to compare user’s experience with those in the case of classical algorithm. In this study, the simulator sickness has been evaluated for three algorithms in dynamic driving simulator situation in objective and subjective way.

Simulator sickness is a well-known side effect of driving simulation which may reduce the passenger well-being and performance due to its various symptoms, from pallor to vomiting. Numerous reducing countermeasures have been previously tested; however, they often have undesirable side effects. The present study investigated the possible effect of seat vibrations on simulator sickness. Three configurations were tested: no vibrations, realistic ones and some that might affect the proprioception. Twenty-nine participants were exposed to the three configurations on a four-minute long automated driving in a simulator equipped with a vibration platform. Simulator sickness was estimated thanks to the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and to a postural instability measure. Results showed that vibrations help to reduce the sickness. Our findings demonstrate that some specific vibration configurations may have a positive impact on the sickness, thus confirming the usefulness of devices reproducing the road vibrations in addition to creating more immersion for the driver.