RÉSUMÉ. -Suite à un incident survenu en 2000 sur la Ligne à Grande Vitesse (LGV) Paris-Lyon sur la commune de Sarry dû à un emportement de ballast par débordement des eaux du drainage longitudinal de la plateforme ferroviaire, la SNCF a engagé en tant que gestionnaire délégué de l'infrastructure un ensemble de démarches afin de mieux caractériser le « risque Sarry ». Une campagne d'expertise a été ainsi initiée sur les LGV les plus anciennes afin de repérer les sites à risque de débordement de drainage pouvant impacter les circulations ferroviaires. Par la suite, des travaux de régénéra-tion ont été réalisés sur les sites priorisés les plus à risque afin d'éliminer le risque hydraulique. En parallèle, la LGV Paris-Marseille est surveillée en permanence par des radars météorologiques pour permettre le déclenchement d'alertes en cas de dépassement de seuils pluviométriques. Ce déclenchement permet l'avertissement du centre de régulation des trains en contact avec les conducteurs de TGV et entraîne une tournée intempéries par les agents de maintenance. Des recherches ont été menées en collaboration avec l'Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) avec la réalisation d'un modèle physique à l'échelle 1/3. Les résultats ont permis de mieux appréhender le phénomène de transport de ballast et d'identifier les limites d'emportement de ballast sur piste pour les deux critères de détermination du risque : la hauteur d'eau et la vitesse de l'écoulement. Ces démarches établies à différentes échelles permettent de réduire la vulnérabilité des circulations ferroviaires vis-à-vis du risque de débordement de drainage, appelé « risque Sarry ». Mots-clés : risque, débordement, modèle physique, ferroviaire Analysis of the risks for rail traffic in the event of overflowing of the drainage system on high speed linesFollowing an incident at the village of Sarry in 2000 involving the overflowing of the longitudinal drains of the Paris-Lyon High-Speed Line (HSL), the SNCF, responsible for the maintenance of the infrastructure, outlined a wide range of initiatives to define the "Sarry risk". A campaign of visits by experts has been initiated on the oldest HSLs in order to detect the sites at risk of overflowing and which could impact the railway traffic. In areas classified as "high risk areas", regeneration works are undertaken to eliminate the risk. At the same time, the HSL between Paris and Marseille is monitored permanently by meteorological radars with a view to issuing alerts in case of exceedance of pluvio metrical thresholds. This alert allows the railway regulation centre, in contact with the HSL drivers to be kept informed and results in a surveillance visit by the maintenance staff. Research has been undertaken in collaboration with EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) to realise a physical model at 1/3 scale. Results are used to better understand the phenomena of ballast loss and identify limits of ballast removal for two criteria : water level and flow velocity which are the criteria used in determining the...
The transport of ballast caused by the overflowing of longitudinal drains is a prime example of the interactions between the railway track and its environment. In such conditions, water flowing from the platform, along with debris, may drag the ballast off the track foundation. The rate of ballast erosion rises when obstacles are placed along the platform.To better understand the phenomenon of ballast transport, research was undertaken in collaboration with Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Systematic tests were performed on a physical model, using a 1:3 scale factor, under both normal and severe operational conditions, as well as in the case of a platform obstructed by obstacles. Numerical simulations were also run to evaluate different optimised configurations for the drainage system of the platform.The obtained results have improved the understanding of the phenomenon of ballast transport and have made it possible to identify at risk areas where the overflowing may negatively affect the railway traffic.
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