Despite the lapse of 30 years since the state system transformation in Poland was started, the rural areas in Poland that used to be occupied by state-owned farms continue to experience many complex economic and social problems. The state reforms, which for example led to the dissolution of all state-owned farms (in Polish, Państwowe Gospodarstwa Rolne, PGR), have had a significant effect on the formation of the institutional system in rural Poland. The existence and then liquidation of PGR affected not only the financial standing of large populations but also instilled in many a sense of entitlement, leading to the so-called learned hopelessness. An investigation into entrepreneurial attitudes shows that as many as 71.60% of the respondents equate 'being entrepreneurial' with 'starting own business'. Despite the difficult situation on the labour market, only 12.35% of the interviewed persons have tried to start their own companies after state-farms were dissolved. The main determinant of such a low level of entrepreneurship among the respondents, in their opinion, was the lack of own funds, as this was indicated by 49.38% of the surveyed population. This attitude is also manifested in the answers concerning expectations towards public administration-82.10% assumed that the state should be responsible for providing direct financial support. The results of this study into entrepreneurial attitudes as well as previ ous investigations among residents living in rural areas formerly occupied by state farms confirm marginal interest in starting business activity among these populations.
SummarySubject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper was to identify how students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn perceived food security at household level. It was verified whether selected students were able to define properly the terms connected with the topic and how food safety was assessed.Materials and methods: The survey was performed using a questionnaire as the research tool. The survey was conducted at three faculties in the following courses of studies: economics, law, and bioengineering of food production. Statistical data were included.Results: Most of the respondents considered food security at household level in Poland to be at a satisfying level. In most respondent’s households, expenditure on food in relation to income was at a higher level than the national average.Conclusions: Food security in the households of the surveyed students was ensured. The economic availability of food in the analysed households was good, as most respondents were able to purchase high quality food products.
Purpose:The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate changes in the motivation for making foreign direct investments in Poland between 1990 and. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was divided into two stages. The first stage covered the period from 1990 to 2008, for which our analysis of the motivation behind FDI in Poland was based on results of studies completed by other authors. The second research stage involved analyses based on our direct survey research conducted according to the CAWI method among 1,965 companies which started economic activity in Poland between 2009 and 2018. The research was conducted using a poll approach and a questionnaire designed by the research authors. Findings: The review of the studies conducted by other researchers suggests that the motives for undertaking FDI in Poland are relatively stable. The key reasons, both in 1990The key reasons, both in -2008The key reasons, both in and 2008The key reasons, both in -2018, were motives connected with business efficiency (cost-related), market and resources. Significantly, factors within the categories of motives which determine investors' decisions underwent certain modifications over the time period analysed. Practical Implication: Because of their impact on the socio-economic dimension of economy, foreign direct investments have been the subject of research for many years, in an effort to identify the reasons why FDI are made. Exploring the motives and factors which determine the location of FDI in a given country could provide the information necessary to design a policy whose aim is to shape the volume and structure of foreign direct investments. The goal is to achieve desired economic effects. Originality/Value: The social and economic development is determined by well prospering enterprises, including those with foreign capital. It is still necessary to conduct studies in the FDI motives and determinants area in the aspect of forming their value, especially in view of the fact that the current interest in this situation is still very important
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