This article seeks to propose a waste-management model based on qualitative and quantitative research. Specifically, an analysis of the flow of municipal waste was carried out, with the case involved being that of the biodegradable waste generated in households of Poland’s Łódź Metropolitan Area, which is heterogeneous from the points of view of both settlement structure and land use. The analysis of flows of waste then served an evaluation of the system of waste management in the study area, while also representing an important input into a process of identification of problems and possible solutions via so-called PULL (“Peri-Urban Living Lab”) workshop methodology. Indeed, the research detailed here was participatory throughout (from the stages of problem identification through to conclusion-drawing). All of these stages to the work were kept cohesive through the use of an advanced tool allowing for both analysis of the given area and the devising of strategies by which circular economy could be developed. Specifically, GDSE (GeoDesign Decision Support Environment) programming—devised within the framework of the REPAiR Project—offered opportunities for flows of different kinds of materials and raw materials across space to be identified. It also served in the implementation of Eco-innovative solutions (EIS), as were developed jointly in cooperation with participants of the PULL workshops. The article offers a synthetic presentation of the results of different stages to the research, along with a synthesis relating to the waste-management context, with particular account taken of the development of the circular economy.
The assessment of assets regarding their potential for tourism development is a well-recognised aspect of quantitative geographic research. This paper confines such matters to environmental and landscape-related attributes. The methodological objective is to propose a synthetic index for holistic measurement of a complex system of assets at the local level for Poland’s rural areas, followed by its empirical verification. The natural and landscape-related potential of a given area is perceived broadly, as the aspects involved are diverse and complementary: the quality of the landscape, the value of the environment, forest cover, relief, accessibility to surface waters and local bioclimate. The cognitive advantage of this research project is attained by confronting this index against a measure of tourist movement, as well as classifying rural areas by means of combining both dimensions. A considerable number of communes in Poland are characterised by relatively high potential, albeit they are not being exploited for tourism development to a correspondingly large degree.
The main sources of waste generation are: industry, municipal sector, and agriculture. Municipal waste is solid and liquid waste that arise in households, public utilities (trade, services, handicrafts) and municipal services (e.g. street cleaning and maintenance of green areas). The main aim of this paper are the analysis of the flow of municipal solid waste in Łódź Metropolitan Area, its composition, presentation of the process towards a more selective waste system, and the extraction of biodegradable waste from the MSW. The article is based on a report prepared within the Horizon 2020 project REPAiR “Resource Management in Peri-urban Areas: Going Beyond Urban Metabolism”.
Social innovation (SI), which is known as an alternative practice for solving social problems, can be implemented by various actors, including nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and public institutions. This article addresses the implementation of SIs by public institutions in rural areas of Poland. Its aim is to answer two questions: 1) Does cooperation with NGOs distinguish rural public institutions in Poland that have implemented SIs from those that have not? 2) Does the level of human and financial resources of NGOs affect the level of cooperation between public institutions and NGOs from rural gminas? The results of an internet survey conducted on a random sample of 330 public institutions and 400 one-to-one interviews conducted on a random sample of NGOs from rural communes (rural gminas) are presented to answer the research questions posed. According to the findings, collaboration between public institutions and NGOs does not distinguish institutions that implemented SI and those that did not. In addition, the level of human and financial resources of NGOs was not a factor in determining whether or not public institutions cooperated with NGOs.
Zarys treści: W artykule przedstawiono, zmodyfikowany do celów wydawniczych, fragment opracowania, wykonanego w Instytucie Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN dla Ministerstwa Infrastruktury i Budownictwa (Śleszyński i inni, 2017). Przedmiotem była analiza dokumentów planowania przestrzennego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problemów rozpraszania zabudowy, chłonności demograficznej oraz lokalizacji zabudowy na obszarach pokrytych i niepokrytych planami miejscowymi. Badaniami objęto 21 gmin położonych na zachód od Warszawy. Na podstawie usług WFS (Web Feature Service) lub bezpośrednio z urzędów gmin zebrano wektorowe dane o granicach i strukturze przeznaczenia terenów w studiach uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego i planach miejscowych oraz o współrzędnych geograficznych lokalizacji i rodzaju decyzji o warunkach zabudowy. Stwierdzono dużą nadpodaż gruntów budowlanych skutkującą rozpraszaniem zabudowy i jej niedopasowaniem m.in. do istniejącego zainwestowania, w tym do sieci usług podstawowych.Słowa kluczowe: planowanie przestrzenne, zagospodarowanie przestrzenne, rozpraszanie zabudowy, chłonność demograficzna, strefa podmiejska, aglomeracja warszawska. Wstęp: założenia i cele oraz podstawowa terminologiaNowopowstające inwestycje w Polsce, zwłaszcza mieszkaniowe w strefach podmiejskich miast, są często lokalizowane poza obszarami zwartego osadnictwa. Prowadzi to do rozpraszania zabudowy i wyższych kosztów obsługi publicznej. Niestety nie jest znana skala tego zjawiska w całym kraju, brakuje też opracowań mogących dać na to odpowiedź w skali lokalnej. Spośród nielicznych studiów, podejmujących problem ekonomicznych kosztów rozpraszania osadnictwa, moż-
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