Objective: Assess clinical results using two different protocols, 10 years after ACL reconstruction surgery with the central third of quadriceps muscle tendon (QT). Method: Between November /1997 and April/1998, 25 patients were submitted to 25 ACL reconstructions with QT by transtibial technique. The bone portion of the graft was fixated on femoral tunnel with interference screw and the tendinous portion of tibial tunnel with screw with washer. Two patients injured the new when playing soccer. Six patients were not available for follow-up (24%). Seventeen patients were evaluated, 15 men and two women, with mean age at surgery time of 28.53 ± 6.64 years. All patients were examined at six months, one year, and ten years after surgery. Clinical evaluation was made by the Lysholm scale, and the knee evaluation, with the Hospital for Special Surgery scale. Results: The patients had their injuries operated after 9.87 ± 14.42 months of the accident. According to Lysholm scale, the results at the end of the first year were 98.71 ± 2.47 and, after 10 years, 97.35 ± 3.12. Using the Hospital for Special Surgery scale, the mean score was 95.07 ± 5.23 in one year, and 94.87 ± 4.16 in 10 years. All patients returned to their professional activities with the same previous status. Fifteen (88.24%) patients were able to return to their sports activities, one by modifying the practice, while another one switched to another sport. No patient complained of pain on the donor area in the medium and long term. The sports return rate was excellent, and no changes were found on the femoropatellar joint.

Objective: To conduct a descriptive analysis on 31 cases of children with floating elbow who were attended at our clinic between 1994 and 2009, and to review the literature relating to this topic. Methods: Data were obtained through examining the medical records. The following variables were used: age, gender, side, mechanism, type of fracture, classification, treatment and complications. Results: Twenty-four patients (77.4%) were male and seven (22.6%) were female. The mean age was 8.5 (± 3.2) years, ranging from one to 14 years. The left side was predominantly affected (67.7%). The commonest injury mechanism was a fall from a height (74.2%). All the supracondylar fractures were Gartland type III. Distal radius fractures alone, of Salter-Harris type II, were diagnosed in 22 patients (71%). Open fractures occurred in 22 cases (71%). Closed reduction and application of a plaster cast for a closed fracture of the distal radius was performed in two patients (6.45%). Simultaneous conservative treatment for two fractures was not used. Sixteen supracondylar fractures (54.8%) were fixed using crossed wires, at 90° to each other, and in 14 cases (45.16%), an intramedullary wire was used together with another wire introduced through the lateral epicondyle at 45°. The following complications were observed: deformed consolidation (10%), nerve injuries (6%), compartment syndrome (3%) and pin path infection (16%). Conclusions: This is an uncommon injury that in most cases results from high-energy trauma. Surgical treatment for both fractures is recommended by most authors. Ulnar nerve injuries were correlated with the fixation method, but no neurological injuries were triggered by the initial trauma.

RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar os resultados clínicos utilizando dois diferentes protocolos, 10 anos após a cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA (Ligamento Cruzado Anterior) com o terço central do tendão do múscu-lo quadríceps (TQ). Método: Entre novembro/1997 e abril/1998, 25 pacientes foram submetidos a 25 reconstruções do LCA com TQ pela técnica transtibial. A parte óssea do enxerto foi fixada no túnel femoral com parafuso de interferência e a parte tendinosa no túnel tibial, com parafuso em poste com arruela. Dois pacientes romperam o novo ligamento em entorses durante futebol. Seis não foram encontrados para reavaliação (24%). Foram avaliados 17 pacientes, sendo 15 homens e duas mulheres, com média de idade na cirurgia de 28,53 ± 6,64 anos. Todos foram examinados com seis meses, um ano e dez anos de cirurgia. A avaliação clí-nica foi realizada com a escala de Lysholm e a do o joelho, com a do Hospital for Special Surgery. Resultados: As lesões foram operadas após 9,87 ± 14,42 meses do acidente. Segundo a escala de Lysholm, os resultados ao fim do primeiro ano foram de 98,71 ± 2,47 e, ao fim de dez anos, de 97,35 ± 3,12. Usando a escala do Hospital for Special Surgery, a pontuação foi de 95,07 ± 5,23 com um ano e de 94,87 ± 4,16 após 10 anos. Todos os pacientes retornaram ao trabalho nas mesmas condições. Quinze (88,24%) retornaram ao mesmo esporte, um com modificação na prática e outro mudou de esporte. Nenhum paciente se queixou dor na área doadora do enxerto após quatro semanas da cirurgia até a última avaliação. Quatro pacientes sofreram ruptura do LCA contralateral em atividades esportivas, sendo três entorses no futebol e uma durante dança. Conclusão: O enxerto do TQ é boa opção para a reconstrução do LCA, mesmo quando decorridos 10 anos do procedimento cirúrgico. Não houve dor na área doadora do enxerto a médio e longo prazo. A taxa de retorno ao esporte foi excelente e não houve alteração da articulação femoropatelar. Descritores

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment using BMMCs and arthroscopy in PF OA through functional questionnaires and MRI evaluations in a two year follow up. The use of mononuclear cells derived from bone marrow (BMMCs) is under investigation, and in vitro and pre-clinic studies showed promisor results. In comparison to the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the effectiveness is lower, however the costs for manipulation and laboratory handling make it difficult to use in clinical practice. Design: This was a pilot, longitudinal and prospective trial and 8 patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis who met the study criteria were included. All of the patients underwent arthroscopic debridement and received an injection of autologous BMMCs. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using SF-36 and the TLKSS questionnaire at baseline, one and two years after the procedure. Results: In this study, an improvement in all of the evaluated parameters of the questionnaire was verified even after two years following the applications. The functional score of TKLSS showed a significant improvement in one and two years in comparison to the baseline (p<0.001). A significant improvement in SF-36 for all of the domains (p<0.001) was also verified. In addition, an improvement in the MRI images of the patients was noticed, which indicates patellar cartilage recovery. Conclusion: The procedure of the arthroscopy and the application of BMMCs has proved promising results to reduce the signs of PF OA and ensure the patient satisfaction with a safe return to social life and sports practice. The completed questionnaire confirmed a clear improvement and a strong impact on the quality of life of the patients with the regeneration of their articular cartilage and restored subchondral bone. These results offer a wide perspective for future studies with the use of BMMC to treat articular diseases.

Foram avaliados 71 pacientes com idade abaixo de 16 anos, portadores de 72 fraturas diafisárias do fêmur, ocorridas de 01/1995 a 12/1998. Os objetivos do estudo foram conhecer aspectos descritivos dessas fraturas e avaliar o tratamento empregado. A idade foi o principal critério para escolha do tratamento, sendo aqueles abaixo de 3 anos (Grupo I) tratados com gesso imediato, os de 3 a 10 anos (Grupo II) com gesso após tração e os acima de 11 anos (Grupo III) de modo conservador ou cirúrgico. A média de idade foi 6,3±3,8 anos, havendo predomínio do gênero masculino e de fraturas fechadas. Acidente de trânsito foi o mecanismo de lesão mais comum. A fratura localizou-se no terço médio, em 60,6% dos casos, no proximal em 23,9% e no distal em 15,5%. Noventa e três porcento eram fraturas de traço simples, 4,2% cominutivas e 2,8% segmentares. Lesões associadas foram identificadas em 35,2% dos pacientes. Todas fraturas nos Grupos I e II e 60% daquelas no Grupo III foram tratadas conservadoramente. As complicações observadas até a união óssea foram: discrepância, infecção no trajeto do fio, consolidação viciosa e limitação de movimento do joelho. O tempo médio de consolidação foi 8,6±3,4 semanas, variando com a idade. Concluiu-se que as características das fraturas estudadas foram semelhantes às citadas na literatura e que o tratamento empregado apresentou bom resultado.

Objective: To conduct a descriptive analysis on 31 cases of children with floating elbow who were attended at our clinic between 1994 and 2009, and to review the literature relating to this topic. Methods: Data were obtained through examining the medical records. The following variables were used: age, gender, side, mechanism, type of fracture, classification, treatment and complications. Results: Twentyfour patients (77.4%) were male and seven (22.6%) were female. The mean age was 8.5 (± 3.2) years, ranging from one to 14 years. The left side was predominantly affected (67.7%). The commonest injury mechanism was a fall from a height (74.2%). All the supracondylar fractures were Gartland type III. Distal radius fractures alone, of SalterHarris type II, were diagnosed in 22 patients (71%). Open fractures occurred in 22 cases (71%). Closed reduction and application of a plaster cast for a closed fracture of the distal radius was performed in two patients (6.45%). Simultaneous conservative treatment for two fractures was not used. Sixteen supracondylar fractures (54.8%) were fixed using crossed wires, at 90° to each other, and in 14 cases (45.16%), an intramedullary wire was used together with another wire introduced through the lateral epicondyle at 45°. The following complications were observed: deformed consolidation (10%), nerve injuries (6%), compartment syndrome (3%) and pin path infection (16%). Conclusions: This is an uncommon injury that in most cases results from high-energy trauma. Surgical treatment for both fractures is recommended by most authors. Ulnar nerve injuries were correlated with the fixation method, but no neurological injuries were triggered by the initial trauma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined treatment of BMMCs alone or in combination of arthroscopic debridement and lavage in treatment of knee OA through resonance image and quality of life questionnaire. In comparison to the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the effectiveness is lower, however the costs for manipulation and laboratory handling make it difficult to use in clinical practice.Design: This was a pilot, longitudinal and prospective trial with two years of follow-up. Twenty-one patients with patellofemoral osteoarthritis who met the study criteria were included. The patients were divided into three groups: BMMCs+Arthroscopy; BMMCs+lavage; BMMC. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using SF-36 questionnaire at baseline and two years after the procedure. Results:In this study, it was verified a high recovery of BMMCs and platelets, especially with manual separation. It was not observed differences in SF-36 when comparing the three groups, however the evaluation of SF-36 baseline and two years of follow-up in each one of the three groups, it was showed an improvement in 3-4 parameters. The MRI showed an improvement in the stroke, subchondral bone and cartilage size in the patella and femur. Conclusion:This study demonstrated that OA showed a significant improvement, measured by quality life questionnaire, only with the use of BMMCs, showing no improvement with the combination of arthroscopy or joint lavage. In this way, the use of BMMC´s is well accepted, a presented impact on parameters of SF-36. None of the patients underwent total knee arthroplasty. A study with a higher number of patients is of great value to assess the safety and efficacy of BMMC´s application.