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When large quantities of p-anisyltrithione are to be synthesized, the purification of the product presents great difficulties and consequently the yield of purified product is very disappointing. The present article suggests a few changes which can easily be incorporated into the original method of BGttcher and Liittringhaus.

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Marketing communication is not a new phenomenon. Communication has been part ofthe marketing process for as long as people have exchanged goods. However, the adventof technology and research, among other reasons, has made the marketing communicationprocess increasingly sophisticated in recent decades and has given rise to integratedmarketing communication (IMC) and the integrated communication phenomenon.To understand this new approach to marketing communication, one has to go back tothe roots thereof and scrutinise the path of development. “Innovation begins withabandonment. It’s not what you start; it’s what you stop that counts”, says Drucker (asquoted in Schultz, Tannenbaum & Lauterborn, 1994:1). This statement underlines theimportance of knowledge about the development of marketing communication in orderto understand the importance and effective application of this new approach calledintegrated communication. In this study historical research was conducted to seek out the implications of, and/orrelationships between, approaches in marketing communication from the past and theirconnections with the present. The paper explores the different phases that occurred inthe development of marketing communication from a mass communications focus inthe 1960s to the integrated communications imperative of the present. It becameapparent that integrated communication, which envelops integrated marketingcommunication, is crucial to an organisation’s overall success.

Contemporary organisations and their leaders are continually tasked with finding new ways ofcreating value for their stakeholders. Leadership effectiveness is critical within large organisations,and leadership communication ranks as the top critical driver of organisational results. Thisunderlines the importance of leaders being capable communicators responsible for adding valueto organisations. However, discussions on the topic of leadership communication are rare. Thishighlights the fact that the field of organisational communication has had limited engagementwith the world of leadership. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap and focused onthe role of communication in the leadership process, and attempted to identify ways in whichleadership communication could be improved. Leadership communication was explored from twodifferent perspectives to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon. Rogers’revolutionary conceptual analysis was employed to investigate the foundation of the concept.Thereafter, a phenomenological study was undertaken among communication professionalsexposed to leadership communication to explore their lived experiences of the phenomenon. Thedata from the phenomenological study were used to enhance the conceptual analysis. Effectiveleadership communication was described as a socially constructed and relational concept thatshould endorse meaning-making in particular contexts. Guidelines are presented to enhance theeffectiveness of leadership communication.