From ancient flood management practices driven by agricultural activities to dam’s policy for water resources management including flood protection, to the National Strategy for Natural Disaster Risk Integrated Management; Morocco has come a long way in flood risk management. This chapter describes the recurrent flooding phenomenon plaguing the country along with progress in flood risk assessment approaches in terms of technique, governance, and best practices. An extensive number of research articles, administrative documents, consultancy, and international organizations reports are analyzed to give a holistic up-to-date insight into flood risk management in Morocco and present a comprehensive and critical view from a scientific perspective. Information and data were collected from a range of various sources and synthesized to integrate all scientific and governance aspects. Though analysis of this landscape shows progresses made by the Government to protect the population and reduce flood risk, it also shows shortcomings and challenges still to be overcome. Thus, a SWOT analysis was carried out for scoping and identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats pertaining to this issue. The analysis reveals various success and failure factors related to three major components: governance, risk assessment approaches, and flood risk mitigation measures sustainability.
The sanitation system in Algeria requires a mastery of the functioning of the collection network and treatment using performance indicators that identify gaps and to develop solutions for better waste-water management. This work aims to identify the performance indicators that are chosen on the basis of the problems often encountered. The referred performances concern the problems related to clear parasites waters and some that highlight the phenomena of sedimentation-erosion in the net-work of Medea city. For the WWTP, we are interested in the plant hydraulic and treatment capacity, the bacterial metabolism, the treatment yield, the correlations between pollution parameters and the energy consumption. The results showed that the dilution rate of wastewater, which is caused by the clear parasites waters, requires significant care at the sewerage network. The imbalance into nutrients relating to bacterial metabolism can be an obstacle at the level of biological treatment. For high ratios TSS/COD and TSS/BOD 5 that translate a pollution at particulate character, a quantitative study would be required in particular to evaluate the influence of collection networks on the quality of domestic sewage. The high values of the electrical energy necessary for the elimination of recorded pollution require to perform a diagnostic analysis on the installation.
The estuary ecosystem’s health and ecological integrity are essential for preserving environmental quality, habitats, and economic activity. The main objective of the present study is to comprehend the wave hydrodynamic impact on the Oued Sebou estuary, which is situated in the Kenitra region on Morocco’s north Atlantic coast in North Africa. Specifically, it focused on the dredging effect (caused by sand extraction) on the wave motion and its impact on the estuary environment. Different scenarios of wave-propagation simulations were carried out, varying the significant wave height, in deep water (from 1.5 to 4 m), and considering the bathymetry before and after two dredging cases of 2- and 4-m depths. The change of wave height at the Oued Sebou estuary shoreline was simulated by using the third version of the Simulating Waves Nearshore Model (SWAN). The SWAN model formulates the wave evolution in terms of a spectral energy balance on a structured grid. The effect of dredging on the wave spreading in addition to the flow hydrodynamic structures were extensively analyzed. According to the simulated results, the dredging activities in the Oued Sebou estuary mainly affect the river mouth and the southern breakwater area, increasing the potential erosive action. The areas at the northern coastal strip and near the northern breakwater are subject to possible accumulation of sediments.
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