Nanocomposites used in many optical devices applications. This aims to preparation of new type of polymer and study their optical properties. The polyvinyl pyrrolidone-carboxymethyl cellulose blend and magnesium oxide nanocomposites have been fabricated. The nanocomposites are prepared for different concentrations of polymer blend and magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The optical properties of nanocomposites were studied. The experimental results showed that the absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and optical conductivity of (PVP-CMC) blend are increased with increase of the MgO nanoparticles concentration. The transmittance and energy band gap are decreased with increase of the MgO nanoparticles concentration. The nanocomposites have high absorbance in UV region which may be used for radiation shielding application.

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The preparation of (polystyrene-copper oxide) nanocomposites have been investigated for piezoelectric application. The copper oxide nanoparticles were added to polystyrene by different concentrations are (0, 4, 8 and 12) wt.%. The structural and A.C electrical properties of (PS-CuO) nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of (PS-CuO) nanocomposites decrease with increase in frequency. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increase in frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and A.C electrical conductivity of polystyrene increase with increase in copper oxide nanoparticles concentrations. The results of piezoelectric application showed that the electrical resistance of (PS-CuO) nanocomposites decreases with increase in pressure.

Piezoelectric materials have been prepared from (poly-methyl methacrylate-lead oxide) nanocomposites for electronic applications. The lead oxide nanoparticles were added to poly-methyl methacrylate by different concentrations are (4, 8, and 12) wt%. The structural and dielectric properties of nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of nanocomposites decrease with increase in frequency of applied electric field. The A.C electrical conductivity increases with increase in frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and A.C electrical conductivity of poly-methyl methacrylate increase with increase in lead oxide nanoparticles concentrations. The results of pressure sensor showed that the electrical resistance of (PMMA-PbO2) nanocomposites decreases with increase in pressure.

The carbides nanostructures have huge applications in renewable energy fields such as the saving of solar energy and release which attributed to the good their properties (thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical and chemical). So, in this paper, the solar energy storage and release of carbides nanoparticles/water for building heating and cooling applications have been investigated with different concentrations of metals carbides nanoparticles (tantalum carbide-silicon carbide). The results showed that the melting and solidification times for thermal energy storage and release decrease with an increase (TaC-SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. From the obtained results, the TaC/SiC nanostructures/ water nano-system are considered as promising materials for solar energy storage and release with high efficiency and high gain (more than 50% compare with the water). Also, the TaC/SiC may be used for heating and cooling fields with good performance and high gain.

The utilization of agriculture solid waste such as palm pressed fibre (PPF) in pyrolysis reaction is an alternative way in converting the solid waste into bio-oil. In this research, thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of PPF was conducted using a tubular fixed bed reactor. A series of CuO/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared using the aqueous sol-gel technique. The catalysts were calcined at 400, 600 and 800 °C for 17 hours. The thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of PPF were carried out at 500 °C pyrolysis temperature for 5 minutes holding time using PPF particle size of 250-500 µm. The pyrolysis results showed that 44.35% bio-oil was obtained under thermal condition and their yields reduced to 41.07%, 35.45% and 38.18% respectively when CuO/ZrO2 catalysts calcined at 400, 600 and 800 °C were incorporated in PPF pyrolysis. The bio-oil was analyzed by using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the determination of functional groups. It was found that bio-oil from thermal and catalytic conditions possessed oxygenated functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid. In addition, the bio oil from catalytic conditions CuO/ZrO2 catalysts calcined at 400 and 600 °C showed the presence of saturated hydrocarbon.

In this paper, nanostructures from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) /tungsten carbide nanoparticles (WC NPs) were fabricated. The WC NPs was added to polymer by various weight ratios are (1.5, 3 and 4.5) wt. %. "The optical characteristics" of CMC/WC nanostructures were tested. The optical results exhibited the absorbance of CMC is raised with rising of the content of WCNPs. The gap of energy of CMC polymer reduces with a rise of the content of WCNPs. The optical constants such as "coefficient of absorption, coefficient of extinction, index of refractive", dielectric "constants for real and imaginary part"and conductivity of CMC varied with a rise of the weight ratios of WC NPs.