IntroductionRecently, an important literature data has reported that medical students experience stress more than students in other disciplines. In contrast, there is a significant shortage of the stress impact on the academic performance. The primary purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of stress among Casablanca Medical students and to investigate if there is an association between stress and academic skills.MethodsA total of 275 participants studying at Casablanca Medical School were included. The study was conducted using a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire, which included four subscales on academic skills perception (Academic competence, Test competence, Time management and Strategic study habits) and a Test Anxiety scale to assess the degree of stress related to exams among medical students.ResultsThe overall findings showed that 52.7% of respondents were stressed by examinations, and the highest stress prevalence was among the fifth-year medical students. Measures of comparative stress degrees between male and female students did not show any statistical significant differences (p=0.34). Correlation analysis revealed negative association between stress and academic competence (-0.394), test competence (-0.426), time management (-0.240), strategic study (-0.183) respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionMedical educators and psychologists have to increase clinical awareness of stress among medical students, by establishing strategies for stress management.
This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the classic Arabic version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS10) in a large sample of Moroccan population. A cross-sectional survey was yielded between December 2013 and January 2014 following an accidental sampling. Individuals aged above 18, from different socioeconomic categories, were invited to take part in the study. The participants had completed a questionnaire including the classic Arabic versions of PSS10. Two data collection methods involving the paper questionnaire (PQ) and an electronic questionnaire (EQ) were solicited. The psychometric properties of PSS10 were examined by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and factorial structure. A total of 1,099 individuals have participated in the study. Internal consistencies of the classic Arabic PSS10 for both of PQ and EQ were respectively α = 0.72 and α = 0.85; the test-retest reliability score was 0.91. In both of PQ and EQ, PSS10 scores were higher among females (p < .01), and were positively and significantly correlated with the DASS21 subscales. The principal component analysis provided a two-factor structure. The percentages of variance explained by the two factors were 55.58 for EQ and 54.61 for PQ. The classic Arabic version of the PSS10 showed satisfactory psychometric properties in both data collection methods.
IntroductionL'article a pour objectif de valider la traduction en dialecte arabe Marocain, de l’échelle du stress perçu « Perceived Stress Scale » chez un large échantillon de la population marocaine.MéthodesUne méthode de traduction et contre traduction en dialecte Marocain a été réalisée pour l’échelle « Perceived Stress Scale » à 10 items. Une étude de type transversale, a été menée par la suite en suivant un échantillonnage par quotas qui a ciblé les individus âgés de plus de 18 ans et appartenant à différentes catégories sociales. Les participants ont répondus aux versions marocaines de l’échelle « Perceived Stress Scale » et d'une version réduite de l’échelle « The Survey of Recent Life Experience ». La validation des qualités métrologiques a été établie en examinant: la fiabilité interne, la fiabilité test-retest, la validité convergente et la structure factorielle.RésultatsCinq cent trente-cinq participants ont répondu aux questionnaires. La version marocaine de l’échelle « Perceived Stress Scale » a présenté une bonne fiabilité interne (α = 0,80) et fiabilité test-retest (CCI= 0,87). D'autant plus, l'analyse en composante principale de l’échelle « Perceived Stress Scale » a permis d'extraire deux facteurs qui ont permis d'expliquer 53,4% de la variance totale. Les deux échelles utilisées étaient assez bien corrélées (r = 0,467, p < 0,01).ConclusionLa présente étude a permis d'obtenir une version marocaine de l’échelle « Perceived Stress Scale » avec des propriétés psychométriques satisfaisantes, dont l'utilisation sera d'une grande aide dans la pratique médicale, aussi bien que dans la réalisation des études de recherche qui s'intéressent au stress psychologique.
The aim of the present study was to examine the accuracy of body mass index-for-age (BMI-Z), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and MUAC z-score (MUAC-Z) in assessing the acute malnutrition as well as the BMI-Z in assessing obesity in Moroccan hospitalized children aged from 1 month to 5 years. This is a longitudinal observational study carried out on 337 children. Weight, height/length, and MUAC related to sex and age were determined at admission and exported to World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro software for conversion to sex-age specific z-score indices. Weighted Cohen's Kappa test was used to assess the concordance between weight-for-height z-score (WFH-Z), BMI-Z, MUAC-Z, and MUAC in screening for acute malnutrition defined as WFH-Z < -2SD or between WFH-Z and BMI-Z in screening for obesity as defined by WFH-Z > 3SD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of the anthropometric indexes in screening for acute malnutrition. We found high malnutrition prevalence as reflected by wasting (12.17%), stunting (13.35%), overweighting risk (24.64%), overweighting (11.39%), and low malnutrition prevalence as indicated by underweighting (4.75%) and obesity (3.56%). The BMI-Z showed perfect agreement to diagnose acute malnutrition (Kappa = 0.872) and obesity (Kappa = 0.827) with higher sensitivity and specificity indexes as well as higher positive predictive and negative predictive values. The AUC of the BMI-Z revealed very outstanding diagnostic accuracy to assess acute malnutrition (AUC = 0.98) and obesity (AUC = 0.99) in comparison to those of MUAC (AUC = 0.75) and MUAC-Z (AUC = 0.69). The results of the present study suggest that BMI-Z could be a good alternative indicator to assess acute malnutrition and obesity in hospitalized children aged from 1 month to 5 years.
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