Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an effective cancer treatment which has drawn tremendous attention owing to its minimal Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an effective cancer treatment that uses Fenton reaction to induce cancer cell death. Current clinical applications of CDT are limited by the dependency of external supply of metal ions as well as low catalytic efficiency. Here, a highly efficient metal-free CDT by using endoperoxide bridge-containing artesunate as free radical-generating substance is developed. A Pt(IV) prodrug (A-Pt) containing two artesunate molecules in the axial direction is synthesized, which can be decomposed into cisplatin and artesunate under reducing intracellular environment in tumor cells. To improve the catalytic efficiency for Fenton reaction, a nearinfrared-II (NIR-II) photothermal agent IR1048 is incorporated to achieve a mild hyperthermia effect. By encapsulating the A-Pt and IR1048 with human serum albumin, A-Pt-IR NP are formulated for efficient drug delivery in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. NIR-II light irradiation of A-Pt-IR NP treated mice show accelerated Fenton reaction. In addition, A-Pt-IR NP could also induce strong immunogenic cell death, which effectively reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and augments antitumor immunity. This study demonstrates that A-Pt-IR NP are potent biodegradable NIR-II active chemotherapy/CDT nanomedicine for clinical translation.
Domestic ducks were adenohypophysectomized and 2\p=n-\3 weeks later were loaded with hypertonic saline. Normal intact ducks and sham-operated ducks were similarly treated. For 2 hr. nasal gland secretion was almost completely inhibited (0\m=.\20g.) in the adenohypophysectomized ducks and was significantly reduced (4\m=.\93g.) in the sham-operated ducks compared with the normal intact controls (14\m=.\74g.).When the renal response of the adenohypophysectomized ducks was compared with that of the normal intact controls no significant difference was found as far as volume of urine and concentration of Na+ and K+ were concerned. When compared with sham-operated controls, however, these values were significantly lower in adenohypophysectomized ducks.The adrenal weight was not significantly reduced in the adenohypophysectomized ducks, but the weights of thyroid, nasal gland and testis decreased significantly. Histological examination of the adrenal glands of the adenohypophysectomized ducks showed that the central regions were atrophic while the peripheral regions remained normal. Nasal glands, thyroid glands and testes were also examined.It is concluded that the adenohypophysis plays a major part in regulating extrarenal excretion.
Aiming at the problem of complex method and low efficiency of fuzzy numbers in classification processing, a parallel Fuzzy CMeans (FCM) clustering method based on cut set is proposed. Firstly, according to the decomposition theorem, the fuzzy numbers are divided horizontally into the form of the union of interval numbers, and then the interval numbers are transformed into the determined “real” data, and the parallel FCM clustering algorithm is used to classify the fuzzy numbers. The theoretical analysis and application show that the method has good classification accuracy and efficiency for fuzzy data clustering.
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