A Myriad of biotic and abiotic factors inevitably affects the growth and production of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), which is a model crop and sought-after worldwide for its foliage. Among the various impacts the level of disease severity poses on plants, the influence on the dynamics of phyllospheric microbial diversity is of utmost importance. In China, recurring reports of a phyto-pathogen, Didymella segeticola, a causal agent of tobacco leaf spot, accentuate the need for its in-depth investigation. Here, a high-throughput sequencing technique, IonS5TMXL was employed to analyze tobacco leaves infected by D. segeticola at different disease severity levels, ranging from T1G (least disease index) to T4G (highest disease index), in an attempt to explore the composition and diversity of phyllospheric microbiota. In all healthy and diseased tobacco leaves, the most dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota with a high prevalence of genus Didymella, followed by Boeremia, Meyerozyma and Alternaria, whereas in the case of bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria was prominent with Pseudomonas being a predominant genus, followed by Pantoea. The relative abundance of fungi, i.e., Didymella and Boeremia (Ascomycota) and bacteria, i.e., Pseudomonas and Pantoea (Proteobacteria) were higher in diseased groups compared to healthy groups. Healthy tissues exhibited relatively rich and diverse fungal communities in contrast with diseased groups. The infection of D. segeticola had a complex and significant effect on fungal as well as bacterial alpha diversity. FUNGuild analysis indicated that the relative abundance of pathotrophs and saprotrophs in diseased tissues proportionally increased with disease severity. PICRUSt analysis of diseased tissues indicated that the relative abundance of bacterial cell motility and membrane transport-related gene sequences elevated with an increase in disease severity from T1G to T3G and then tended to decrease at T4G. Conclusively, the current study shows the typical characteristics of the tobacco leaf microbiome and provides insights into the distinct microbiome shifts on tobacco leaves infected by D. segeticola.
To provide scientific instruction in predicting the climate changes and adopting the suitable measures for field cultivation and management of tobacco, the changes of main climatic parameters on multi-time scales in the six tobacco-planting counties of Chenzhou city in China were studied. Sunshine hours (S) in the six counties had significant positive linear correlation with year (from 1980 to 2020) and precipitation (P) changed irregularly on the scales of year, field-growth period, and rooting and flourishing stages, and they changed significantly in maturing stage. Sunshine hours (S) in the six counties had significant positive linear correlation with year on the scale of rooting stage, changed irregular with year on the scale of year, and showed different change tendencies in different counties in flourishing and maturing stages. On the scale of field-growth period, the daily cumulative temperature (T) was lower than the optimal value in rooting and flourishing stages, but higher than the optimal value in maturing stage. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 977-985, 2021 (September) Special
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