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IntroductionWe report a case of an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria that was successfully managed with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).Case reportA 25 year old male with no significant past medical history had been admitted to a local hospital due to dyspnea and fever. His pulmonary function subsequently failed necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) and introduction of ECMO support. The patient was transported for 300 km by road on ECMO to a tertiary medical center. The diagnosis of ARDS, HIV infection and MDR bacterial and fungal VAP was made. Patient was successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), anti-infective agents and 58 days of veno-venous ECMO support, with complete resolution of the respiratory symptoms.ConclusionHIV infected patients with ARDS and MDR bacterial VAP whose HIV replication is controlled by ART could be successfully managed with ECMO.

Background The study aimed to evaluate the long-term change of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to identify predictors of HRQOL 5 years after cardiac surgery. Methods Consecutive adult patients, undergoing elective cardiac surgery were enrolled in the study. HRQOL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire before and 5-years after cardiac surgery. A multivariate latent change modeling approach was used for data analysis. Results 210 participants (30.5% female) were reached at 5-year follow-up and included in final data analysis. The study revealed, after controlling for gender effects, a significant long-term positive change, in physical functioning (PF, Mslope = 19.79, p < 0.001), social functioning (SF, Mslope = 17.27, p < 0.001), vitality (VT, Mslope = 6.309, p < 0.001) and mental health (MH, Mslope = 8.40, p < .001) in the total sample. Lower education was associated with an increase in PF (Mslope = 24.09, p < 0.001) and VT (Mslope = 8.39, p < 0.001), more complicated surgery (other than the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) predicted increase in general health (GH, Mslope = 6.76, p = 0.005). Arrhythmia was a significant predictor for lower pre- and post-operative VT and SF. Conclusions Overall HRQOL in our sample improved from baseline to five years postoperatively. Further studies including larger patient groups are needed to confirm these findings.

Background. Heart surgery is a major stressful event that can have a significant negative effect on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and may cause long-term posttraumatic stress reactions. The aim of this pilot study was to estimate the longitudinal change and predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) dynamics and identify factors associated with PTS at 5-year follow-up (T2) after elective cardiac surgery and associations with pre-surgery (T1) QoL. Materials and methods. Single-centre prospective study was conducted after Regional Bioethics Committee approval. Adult consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were included. HRQOL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire before (T1) and 5-years after (T2) cardiac surgery. Posttraumatic stress was assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Results. The pilot study revealed a significant positive change at 5-year follow-up in several domains of SF-36: physical functioning (PF), energy/fatigue (E/F), and social functioning (SF). Prolonged postoperative hospital stay was associated with change in SF (p < 0.01), E/F (p < 0.05) and emotional well-being (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients that had the posttraumatic stress disor. der (PTSD) at T2 was 12.2%. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with longer hospitalization after surgery (p < 0.01). Conclusions. HRQOL improved from baseline to five years postoperatively. Patients with lower preoperative HRQOL scores tended to have a more significant improvement of HRQOL five years after surgery. A prolonged postoperative hospital stay had a negative impact on postoperative social functioning, energy/fatigue, and emotional well-being. Increased levels of PTSD were found in cardiac surgery patients following five years after the surgery.

Įvadas / tikslasProfilaktinis milrinono skyrimas gerina širdies veiklą, sumažina pooperacinės intraaortinės balioninės kontrapulsacijos (IABK) poreikį. Keletas atliktų tyrimų patvirtino priešoperacinės IABK naudą išgyvenamumui. Pagrindinis mūsų tyrimo tikslas buvo palyginti IABK arba milrinono skyrimo didelės rizikos pacientams, kuriems atliekamos miokardo revaskuliarizacijos operacijos, įtaką hemodinamikos rodikliams ir pooperaciniam sergamumui.Ligoniai ir metodaiTai retrospektyvioji 29-ių didelės rizikos pacientų, kuriems atliktos miokardo revaskuliarizacijos operacijos per vienerius metus tame pačiame centre, duomenų analizė. Pacientai, kurie operuoti be dirbtinės kraujo apytakos, į tyrimą neįtraukti. Milrinonu gydyta 14 pacientų, intraaortine balionine kontrapulsacija – 15 pacientų. Abiejų grupių pacientų hemodinamika stebėta įkišus Swan-Ganz kateterį. Buvo vertinami priešoperaciniai rizikos veiksniai, operaciniai duomenys, pooperacinis sergamumas ir hemodinamikos rodikliai.RezultataiPalyginus grupes prieš operaciją, jos statistiškai patikimai nesiskyrė pagal amžių (64 ± 10 vs 66 ± 9), lyčių pasiskirstymą (vyrai/moterys, 12/3 vs 11/3) ar operacinę riziką, vertinamą Euroscore balais (5,5 ± 3,8 vs 4,9 ± 2, p=0,69). Kairiojo skilvelio išvaromoji frakcija buvo mažesnė pacientų, gydytų taikant intraaortinę kontrapulsaciją (35 ± 5 proc. vs 39 ± 5 proc., p=0,03). Palygintas operacinis ir pooperacinis minutinis širdies tūris. Milrinonu gydytiems pacientams reikėjo didesnių dozių norepinefrino pirmosiomis pooperacinėmis valandomis (0 val. 0,07 ± 0,06 vs 0,01 ± 0,02 μg/kg/min., p=0,01, ir po 4 val. 0,08 ± 0,05 vs 0,03 ± 0,02 μg/kg/min., p=0,01). Pooperacinės komplikacijos tarp grupių statistiškai patikimai nesiskyrė: širdies nepakankamumas (29 proc. vs 33 proc.), insultas (7 proc. vs 7 proc.), inkstų funkcijos sutrikimas (7 proc. vs 13 proc.), delyras (22 proc. vs 13 proc.). Gydymo trukmė Reanimacijos ir intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje buvo panaši (6 ± 7 vs 4 ± 2 dienos). Keturiems (29 proc.) milrinono grupės pacientams prireikė IABK širdies nepakankamumui gydyti pooperaciniu laikotarpiu.IšvadosProfilaktinė IABK dažniau skirta pacientams, kurių kairiojo skilvelio išvaromoji frakcija mažesnė. Priešoperacinis milrinono ar IABK skyrimas turėjo panašią įtaką pacientų širdies veiklos gerinimui. Abiejų grupių ligonių pooperacinis sergamumas nesiskyrė. Tačiau 29 proc. milrinonu gydytų pacientų prireikė intraaortinės kontrapulsacijos pooperaciniu laikotarpiu.Reikšminiai žodžiai: miokardo revaskuliarizavimas, intraaortinė balioninė kontrapulsacija, milrinonas Preemptive milrinone versus intraaortic balloon pump in high risk coronary artery bypass grafting surgeryBackground / objectivePre-emptive milrinone infusion improves cardiac performance. The decrease of postoperative IABP insertions was possibly related with the increased use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The survival benefit of preoperative treatment with IABP was shown in several studies. The aim of our study was to compare the impact of the prophylactic administration of milrinone or IABP on haemodynamics and postoperative morbidity in high-risk patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery.Patients and methodsThe retrospective analysis involved 29 elective high-risk CABG patients operated on during one year period in a single institution. Patients operated off-pump were excluded from the study. Pretreatment with milrinone was performed in 14 patients while prophylactic IABP was used in 15 cases. A Swan–Ganz catheter was inserted for haemodynamic monitoring in all cases. Preoperative risk factors, intraoperative variables, postoperative morbidity and haemodynamics were compared between the groups.ResultsPreoperative patient profile was comparable between the groups. There were no difference in patient age (64 ± 10 vs 66 ± 9), male / female ratio (12/3 vs 11/3) or preoperative Euroscore (5.5 ± 3.8 vs 4.9 ± 2, p = 0.69). However, the left ventricle ejection fraction was lower in the IABP-treated patient group (35 ± 5 perc. vs 39 ± 5 perc., p = 0.03). Inrtaoperative and postoperative cardiac output was comparable between the groups. Milrinone-treated patients had higher requirement of norepinephrine on ICU arrival (0.07 ± 0.06 vs 0.01 ± 0.02 μg/kg/min, p = 0.01) and 4 hours following surgery (0.08 ± 0.05 vs 0.03 ± 0.02 μg/kg/min, p = 0.01). No differences were found in the rate of heart failure (29 perc. vs 33 perc.), stroke (7 perc. vs 7 perc.), renal failure (7 perc. vs 13 perc.), postoperative delyrium (22 perc. vs 13 perc.) or ICU stay duration ( 6 ± 7 vs 4 ± 2 days). Four of 14 (29 perc.) patients needed IABP insertion in the postoperative period due to heart failure progression.ConclusionsProphylactic treatment with IABP was used in patients with a lower left ventricle ejection fraction. Pre-emptive milrinone infusion and IABP insertion before surgery had a similar impact on the improvement of cardiac performance during on-pump CABG surgery. No difference in postoperative morbidity was found between the groups of patients. However, almost 29 perc. of patients treated with milrinone needed IABP insertion in the postoperative period.Key words: coronary revascularization, intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, milrinone

Įvadas / tikslasProfilaktinis milrinono skyrimas gerina širdies veiklą, sumažina pooperacinės intraaortinės balioninės kontrapulsacijos (IABK) poreikį. Keletas atliktų tyrimų patvirtino priešoperacinės IABK naudą išgyvenamumui. Pagrindinis mūsų tyrimo tikslas buvo palyginti IABK arba milrinono skyrimo didelės rizikos pacientams, kuriems atliekamos miokardo revaskuliarizacijos operacijos, įtaką hemodinamikos rodikliams ir pooperaciniam sergamumui.Ligoniai ir metodaiTai retrospektyvioji 29-ių didelės rizikos pacientų, kuriems atliktos miokardo revaskuliarizacijos operacijos per vienerius metus tame pačiame centre, duomenų analizė. Pacientai, kurie operuoti be dirbtinės kraujo apytakos, į tyrimą neįtraukti. Milrinonu gydyta 14 pacientų, intraaortine balionine kontrapulsacija – 15 pacientų. Abiejų grupių pacientų hemodinamika stebėta įkišus Swan-Ganz kateterį. Buvo vertinami priešoperaciniai rizikos veiksniai, operaciniai duomenys, pooperacinis sergamumas ir hemodinamikos rodikliai.RezultataiPalyginus grupes prieš operaciją, jos statistiškai patikimai nesiskyrė pagal amžių (64 ± 10 vs 66 ± 9), lyčių pasiskirstymą (vyrai/moterys, 12/3 vs 11/3) ar operacinę riziką, vertinamą Euroscore balais (5,5 ± 3,8 vs 4,9 ± 2, p=0,69). Kairiojo skilvelio išvaromoji frakcija buvo mažesnė pacientų, gydytų taikant intraaortinę kontrapulsaciją (35 ± 5 proc. vs 39 ± 5 proc., p=0,03). Palygintas operacinis ir pooperacinis minutinis širdies tūris. Milrinonu gydytiems pacientams reikėjo didesnių dozių norepinefrino pirmosiomis pooperacinėmis valandomis (0 val. 0,07 ± 0,06 vs 0,01 ± 0,02 μg/kg/min., p=0,01, ir po 4 val. 0,08 ± 0,05 vs 0,03 ± 0,02 μg/kg/min., p=0,01). Pooperacinės komplikacijos tarp grupių statistiškai patikimai nesiskyrė: širdies nepakankamumas (29 proc. vs 33 proc.), insultas (7 proc. vs 7 proc.), inkstų funkcijos sutrikimas (7 proc. vs 13 proc.), delyras (22 proc. vs 13 proc.). Gydymo trukmė Reanimacijos ir intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje buvo panaši (6 ± 7 vs 4 ± 2 dienos). Keturiems (29 proc.) milrinono grupės pacientams prireikė IABK širdies nepakankamumui gydyti pooperaciniu laikotarpiu.IšvadosProfilaktinė IABK dažniau skirta pacientams, kurių kairiojo skilvelio išvaromoji frakcija mažesnė. Priešoperacinis milrinono ar IABK skyrimas turėjo panašią įtaką pacientų širdies veiklos gerinimui. Abiejų grupių ligonių pooperacinis sergamumas nesiskyrė. Tačiau 29 proc. milrinonu gydytų pacientų prireikė intraaortinės kontrapulsacijos pooperaciniu laikotarpiu.Reikšminiai žodžiai: miokardo revaskuliarizavimas, intraaortinė balioninė kontrapulsacija, milrinonas Preemptive milrinone versus intraaortic balloon pump in high risk coronary artery bypass grafting surgeryBackground / objectivePre-emptive milrinone infusion improves cardiac performance. The decrease of postoperative IABP insertions was possibly related with the increased use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The survival benefit of preoperative treatment with IABP was shown in several studies. The aim of our study was to compare the impact of the prophylactic administration of milrinone or IABP on haemodynamics and postoperative morbidity in high-risk patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery.Patients and methodsThe retrospective analysis involved 29 elective high-risk CABG patients operated on during one year period in a single institution. Patients operated off-pump were excluded from the study. Pretreatment with milrinone was performed in 14 patients while prophylactic IABP was used in 15 cases. A Swan–Ganz catheter was inserted for haemodynamic monitoring in all cases. Preoperative risk factors, intraoperative variables, postoperative morbidity and haemodynamics were compared between the groups.ResultsPreoperative patient profile was comparable between the groups. There were no difference in patient age (64 ± 10 vs 66 ± 9), male / female ratio (12/3 vs 11/3) or preoperative Euroscore (5.5 ± 3.8 vs 4.9 ± 2, p = 0.69). However, the left ventricle ejection fraction was lower in the IABP-treated patient group (35 ± 5 perc. vs 39 ± 5 perc., p = 0.03). Inrtaoperative and postoperative cardiac output was comparable between the groups. Milrinone-treated patients had higher requirement of norepinephrine on ICU arrival (0.07 ± 0.06 vs 0.01 ± 0.02 μg/kg/min, p = 0.01) and 4 hours following surgery (0.08 ± 0.05 vs 0.03 ± 0.02 μg/kg/min, p = 0.01). No differences were found in the rate of heart failure (29 perc. vs 33 perc.), stroke (7 perc. vs 7 perc.), renal failure (7 perc. vs 13 perc.), postoperative delyrium (22 perc. vs 13 perc.) or ICU stay duration ( 6 ± 7 vs 4 ± 2 days). Four of 14 (29 perc.) patients needed IABP insertion in the postoperative period due to heart failure progression.ConclusionsProphylactic treatment with IABP was used in patients with a lower left ventricle ejection fraction. Pre-emptive milrinone infusion and IABP insertion before surgery had a similar impact on the improvement of cardiac performance during on-pump CABG surgery. No difference in postoperative morbidity was found between the groups of patients. However, almost 29 perc. of patients treated with milrinone needed IABP insertion in the postoperative period.Key words: coronary revascularization, intraaortic balloon counterpulsation, milrinone

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