Model rolling experiment has been conducted to investigate strip warpage behavior during single roll driven rolling. It became clear that direction of strip warpage changes with change in so-called rolling shape factor which is defined as ratio of contact arc length to strip thickness. In case of the shape factor being small, rolled strip tends to warp toward the idle roll side, which is the consequence of larger exit velocity of the rolled strip for the driven roll side due to higher peripheral velocity of the driven roll. On the other hand, in case of larger shape factor, rolled strip tends to warp toward the driven roll side owing to larger forward slip ratio caused by larger thickness reduction for the idle roll side. In addition, two dimensional steady-state rolling analyses by a rigid plastic finite element method have been conducted to investigate mechanism of the strip warpage behavior. Utilizing fine FE mesh and precise boundary conditions, the results of analyses have shown good agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively in strip warpage behavior with the experimental results mentioned-above. Moreover elaborate mechanical investigation based on the FE analyses have revealed the fact that rolling deformation is realized by a set of macroscopic shear bands which penetrate strip thickness and are inclined with respect to the strip thickness direction, and it is concluded that intensity and configuration of the shear bands determine strip warpage behavior.
The sorption behavior of an acid dye for shrink-proofed wool fibers, which were treated by means of three methods, Kroy, DCCA, and THPP (phosphorus compound) method, was investigated, to be compared with that of untreated fibers. The sorption isotherms for the wool fibers were determined and analyzed using dual sorption mechanism in order to calculate the sorption parameters, the number of binding sites for Langmuir type sorption, the intrinsic binding constant for Langmuir type sorption, and the partition coefficient. The number of binding sites for the wool fiber treated using Kroy method was lower than those for the other wool fibers in buffer solutions. Kroy treatment made the intrinsic binding constant lower in pH4 buffer solutions. Three cationic bolaform electrolytes were used as dyeing auxiliaries for the acid dyeing of the shrink-proofed wool fibers. Their effects were dependent on the structure of the bolaform electrolytes. In the case of the bolaform electrolyte containing hydroxyl and amino groups, the number of binding sites was increased, while the degree of the increase was different between two substituents. Furthermore, the addition of the bolaform electrolytes having hydroxyl groups made the partition coefficients higher. Such effects changed with different shrink-proofing methods.
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