As a newly noninvasive emerging modality, NIR-II fluorescence imaging (1000–1700 nm) has many advantages over conventional visible and NIR-I imaging (700–900 nm). Unfortunately, only a few NIR-II fluorophores are suitable for bone imaging. Here, we report an NIR-II fluorophore based on DSPE-mPEG encapsulated rare earth doped nanoparticles (RENPs@DSPE-mPEG), which shows inherent affinity to bone without linking any targeting ligands, and thus, it provides an alternative noninvasive and nonradiation strategy for skeletal system mapping and bone disease diagnoses. Interestingly, within the NIR-II window, imaging at a longer wavelength (1345 nm) provides a higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio than imaging at 1064 nm, even though the quantum yield at 1064 nm is 2-fold higher than that at 1345 nm. Besides bone imaging, RENPs@DSPE-mPEG show an imaging application in blood vessels and lymph nodes. Importantly, RENPs@DSPE-mPEG can be internalized by circulating white blood cells. This finding may open a window to increase efficient nanoparticle delivery in the fields such as immunotherapy and improve the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of cancer-targeted nanoparticles in clinical applications.

PubMed® is an essential resource for the medical domain, but useful concepts are either difficult to extract or are ambiguous, which has significantly hindered knowledge discovery. To address this issue, we constructed a PubMed knowledge graph (PKG) by extracting bio-entities from 29 million PubMed abstracts, disambiguating author names, integrating funding data through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ExPORTER, collecting affiliation history and educational background of authors from ORCID®, and identifying fine-grained affiliation data from MapAffil. Through the integration of these credible multi-source data, we could create connections among the bio-entities, authors, articles, affiliations, and funding. Data validation revealed that the BioBERT deep learning method of bio-entity extraction significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art models based on the F1 score (by 0.51%), with the author name disambiguation (AND) achieving an F1 score of 98.09%. PKG can trigger broader innovations, not only enabling us to measure scholarly impact, knowledge usage, and knowledge transfer, but also assisting us in profiling authors and organizations based on their connections with bio-entities.

Recently, various second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorophores have been synthesized for in vivo imaging with nonradiation, high resolution, and low autofluorescence. However, most of the NIR-II fluorophores, especially inorganic nanoprobes, are mainly retained in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) such as the liver and spleen, leading to long-term safety concerns. Herein, a type of lanthanide-based excretable NIR-II nanoparticle, RENPs@Lips, which can be quickly cleared out of body after intravenous administration with half-lives of 23.0 h for the liver and 14.9 h for the spleen, is reported. Interestingly, over 90% of RENPs@Lips can be excreted through a hepatobiliary system within 72 h postinjection. The moderate blood half-time (T 1/2 = 17.96 min) allows for multifunctional applications in delineating the hemodynamics of vascular disorders (artery thrombosis, ischemia, and tumor angiogenesis) and monitoring blood perfusion in response to acute ischemia. In addition, RENPs@Lips exhibit high performance in identifying orthotopic tumor vessels intraoperatively and embolization surgery under NIR-II imaging navigation. Moreover, excellent signal-to-background ratio (SBR) is successfully achieved to facilitate sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB) with tumor-bearing mice. The high biocompatibility, favorable excretability, and outstanding optical properties warrant RENPs@Lips as novel promising NIR-II nanoparticles for future applications and translation into an interdisciplinary amalgamation of research in diverse fields.

The dysfunction of the circulatory system leads to various pathological processes with high morbidity. Recently, fluorescence imaging in the nearinfrared II (NIR-II) window (1000-1700 nm) has attracted immense attention in many biological processes. The rapid metabolism and low toxicity of some NIR-II organic small molecules indicate their feasibility for use in visualizing the circulatory system. However, most of the reported NIR-II organic small molecules presently encounter such dilemmas as complicated synthetic procedures and low quantum yields (QY). To address this challenge, a series of facilely prepared NIR-II organic small molecule CQ-T (CQ-1-4T) are designed and these compounds are loaded with biocompatible human serum albumin (HSA) to improve QY. Among them, CQL (CQ-4T/HSA) demonstrates superior optical properties and a 6.65-fold increase in fluorescence compared to the small molecule alone. Further work validates the efficacy and accuracy of CQL in monitoring the real-time circulatory system-related physiological and pathological processes in vivo, including thrombosis, peripheral arterial disease, tumor angiogenesis, and lymphatic drainage. Moreover, the excellent optical properties of CQL enable precise tumor resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy under NIR-II navigation. In conclusion, CQL is a novel and promising NIR-II organic probe with multifunctional imaging capability. It is highly desirable to accelerate its future translations into the clinic.

No abstract

This work identifies changes in dominant topics IntroductionMany evaluations of library and information science (LIS) have been conducted, primarily using the methods of content analysis and cocitation analysis on journal articles (e.g., Järvelin & Vakkari, 1993;White & McCain, 1998). The majority of these focus on a single period in LIS (e.g., Järvelin & Vakkari, 1990;Kumpulainen, 1991). Subsequent analyses often use different source titles, techniques, or coding schemes, making comparison between the analyses difficult. Although these studies constitute one lens on the field, there are some major limitations to the current literature in the area. First, the focus on a single communicative genre (the journal article) provides a monocular view of the field. Research has shown that the writing and citing patterns of authors vary significantly by genre (Bazerman, 1988;Hyland, 2000). A different topic spectrum may be found by examining topics across multiple genres. Second, the focus has been on either a group of highly cited authors or a sample of journal articles. Previous analyses have been manually intensive, necessitating small sample sizes. This has the potential to skew the results in two ways: (a) highly cited works are not necessarily representative of the works produced, and (b) a few articles/authors can heavily influence the results. Lastly, the analyses have been largely synchronic, rather than diachronic. Therefore, trend data rely on replication studies, which are not prevalent in the literature.Understanding the development of the discipline and changes in topics over time is particularly necessary in LIS, which has an extended literature of questioning its own disciplinary identity and the relationship of the library science and information science components of the name. Dissertations may serve a critical function in the exploration of disciplinary identity. During the doctoral process, students are acculturated in the ways of the discipline and are taught the central theories, methods, and objects of scrutiny within the domain. The dissertation is seen as independent and original research that is meant to set the foundation for the rest of the scholar's career. Therefore, it should accomplish two goals: situate the research within the domain, and explore new and original territory. Furthermore, although the primary focus of doctoral education is on the production of researchers (Sugimoto, 2010a), a secondary focus is the creation of new faculty. Therefore, the topics explored in doctoral dissertations may have an indirect effect on the education of the next generation of master's students.This study provides a new lens on disciplinary identity, by identifying the main topics in LIS dissertations from . A topic modeling technique, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) modeling, is used. We have both an historical and methodological objective: (a) to identify the main topics in LIS diachronically, and (b) to examine the use of LDA in analyzing disciplinary development and change.This work addresses gaps...

Exploring community is fundamental for uncovering the connections between structure and function of complex networks and for practical applications in many disciplines such as biology and sociology. In this paper, we propose a TTR-LDA-Community model which combines the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model (LDA) and the Girvan-Newman community detection algorithm with an inference mechanism. The model is then applied to data from Delicious, a popular social tagging system, over the time period of 2005-2008. Our results show that 1) users in the same community tend to be interested in similar set of topics in all time periods; and 2) topics may divide into several sub-topics and scatter into different communities over time. We evaluate the effectiveness of our model and show that the TTR-LDACommunity model is meaningful for understanding communities and outperforms TTR-LDA and LDA models in tag prediction.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic bone disease characterized by aberrant microstructure and macrostructure of bone, leading to reduced bone mass and increased risk of fragile fractures. Anti-resorptive drugs, especially, bisphosphonates, are currently the treatment of choice in most developing countries. However, they do have limitations and adverse effects, which, to some extent, helped the development of anabolic drugs such as teriparatide and romosozumab. In patients with high or very high risk for fracture, sequential or combined therapies may be considered with the initial drugs being anabolic agents. Great endeavors have been made to find next generation drugs with maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity, and improved understanding of the role of different signaling pathways and their crosstalk in the pathogenesis of OP may help achieve this goal. Our review focused on recent progress with regards to the drug development by modification of Wnt pathway, while other pathways/molecules were also discussed briefly. In addition, new observations made in recent years in bone biology were summarized and discussed for the treatment of OP.