SummaryCyclodextrins (CDs) can form polypseudorotaxanes (PPRXs) with drugs or drug carriers possessing linear polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). On the other hand, PEGylated liposomes have been utilized as a representative anticancer drug carrier. However, little is known about the formation of CD PPRX with PEGylated liposome. In the present study, we first report the formation of CD PPRX with PEGylated liposome and evaluate it as a sustained release drug carrier. PEGylated liposome encapsulating doxorubicin was disrupted by the addition of α-CD. Meanwhile, γ-CD included two PEG chains and/or one bending PEG chain of PEGylated liposome and formed PPRX without the disruption of the membrane integrity of the PEGylated liposome. Moreover, the release of doxorubicin and/or PEGylated liposome encapsulating doxorubicin from the PPRX was prolonged in accordance with the matrix type release mechanism. These findings suggest the potential of γ-CD PPRX as sustained release carriers for PEGylated liposome products.
We propose two types of acoustic-wave rectifiers composed of a beam with rectangular cross sections. One is a beam with a triangular void and the other is a beam with wedgewise cuts. Using a finite-difference time-domain method, we numerically investigate the propagation of compressional and flexural modes in both beams. For two flexural modes with different polarizations, the beams show an effective rectification in wide frequency regions, while for compressional modes, they do not have an efficient rectification. We find that the acoustic-wave rectification in a beam with wedgewise cuts is more effective than that in a beam with a triangular void from a practical viewpoint. The characteristic unique to acoustic rectifiers composed of a beam is that their performance depends on the position where the incident wave is excited.
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