We focused on the cooperative behavior of disks falling in a particle bed, which five-disk shows upward and downward convex configurations repeatedly during the disk falling. We used DEM simulation to investigate the effects of the bed particle physical properties (density, diameter, and frictional coefficient) on the falling behavior. Here, we also used 10 different initial packing structures of the bed to investigate the effects of the packing structures on the falling behavior. As a result, when particle mass increased owing to changing density and diameter, the occurrence of the cooperative behavior depended on the packing structure. This leads to decreasing occurrence probability of the cooperative behavior. On the other hand, the occurrence probability is independent of particle frictional coefficient. This is because particle mass is a significant parameter, and the mass would affect contact force distributions of disks and the bed particle flow direction during the disks falling.
As a simplistic concept, needle electrodes to generate atomization in the liquid phase were increased for forming multiple Taylor cones. Numerical simulations using a Poisson equation were performed to optimize the distance between the needle electrodes. The simulation results revealed that the distance between the needle electrodes affected the formation of the Taylor cone, and that the stabilization of the Taylor cone required a distance of over 30 mm between electrodes. The experimental results similarly showed the stabilization of Taylor cones by a distance of 30 mm between electrodes. Multiple Taylor cones stabilized via electrostatic atomization were applied to produce encapsulated oil powders. The increase in the number of electrodes enabled the mass production of encapsulated oil powders via nozzleless electrostatic atomization. This technology may allow the formation of oil powders with functional particles.
Practical Applications
Electrostatic atomization in the liquid phase is an attractive process for obtaining spherical particles; however, this technique affords a low level of production of the generated particles. The present study aimed to develop a device for the mass production of encapsulated oil powders using nozzleless electrostatic atomization. Numerical simulations were used to design the device for electrostatic atomization for mass production. Multiple Taylor cones may allow the mass production of encapsulated oil powders.
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