RESUMOSão Bonifácio está localizado na região das serras do leste catarinense, no bioma Mata Atlântica. A agricultura e a pecuária leiteira, praticadas na pequena propriedade, compõem o setor responsável por garantir ocupação da maior parte da população. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre agricultores familiares e os recursos florestais da paisagem. O estímulo a práticas produtivas que não valorizam a floresta associado à ausência de políticas de incentivo para o manejo florestal de espécies nativas, foram determinantes para a redução das áreas florestadas em São Bonifácio nas últimas cinco décadas. Palavra-chave: evolução histórica do uso da terra; pequena propriedade rural; formações florestais. ABSTRACTThe municipality of São Bonifácio is located in the eastern mountain region of Santa Catarina, in the Atlantic Forest biome. Agriculture and dairy farming, carried out on small properties constitute the main economic activity, which is responsible for ensuring work for the majority of the population. This study aims to evaluate the relation between small agriculturists and landscape forest resources. The incentive toward productive activities that do not highly value the native forest, associated with the absence of public policies for forest management of native species, were determinants for the reduction of forested areas in São Bonifácio over the last 5 (five) decades. Keywords: historical land use changes; small rural property; forests. INTRODUÇÃOAo se analisar as transformações do uso da terra no decorrer do tempo, é necessário considerar aspectos da geografia, da história, da cultura e as condições socioeconômicas sob as quais os usuários desse espaço se encontravam no passado e na atualidade. Na abordagem desta questão, o conceito de paisagem possibilita a compreensão das relações entre o homem e as modificações no espaço onde vive.Desde sua criação como conceito de análise, passou por diversas transformações, sobretudo na França e Alemanha, onde foi utilizado por diferentes correntes filosóficas (FIGUEIRÓ, 1998). O conceito de paisagem consolidou-se como uma combinação de elementos naturais e não naturais, resultado da acumulação de atividades sociais de diferentes gerações (FIGUEIRÓ, 1998). Uma determinada paisagem "hoje" exprime relações pretéritas entre o homem e a natureza reproduzidas no espaço. Essas relações dão ao conceito um caráter espaço-temporal, sujeito às condições físicas, biológicas e antrópicas.
In this work, the tools of geoprocessing were used as a subject to elaborate a map of fires risk to the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, and also to determinate suitable spots for strategic location of two fire observation towers, that could help for the prevention and combats to fires in the forest. Mapping fire risk was achieved by following, basically, the methodology proposed by Vettorazzi & Ferraz (1998). In this way, using the image of the satellite Ikonos /I and topographical maps that corresponded to the study area, such as realizing practice works, it was possible to generate, at the software Idrisi for Windows (32 bits), 6 layers, which were integrated using GIS, giving place to a map of fires risk to the zone. This map, associated with otherinformation about the zone and of the local habits, allowed the determination of the spots to installate the towers. It was ended that the proposed methodology adapted to the study area, and that the zone needs a strategic plan of prevention and combats to fires because of its importance as a preservation area and due to its report of fires occurrence.In this work, the tools of geoprocessing were used as a subject to elaborate a map of fires risk to the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, State of Rio Grande do Sul, and also to determinate suitable spots for strategic location of two fire observation towers, that could help for the prevention and combats to fires in the forest. Mapping fire risk was achieved by following, basically, the methodology proposed by Vettorazzi & Ferraz (1998). In this way, using the image of the satellite Ikonos /I and topographical maps that corresponded to the study area, such as realizing practice works, it was possible to generate, at the software Idrisi for Windows (32 bits), 6 layers, which were integrated using GIS, giving place to a map of fires risk to the zone. This map, associated with other information about the zone and of the local habits, allowed the determination of the spots to installate the towers. It was ended that the proposed methodology adapted to the study area, and that the zone needs a strategic plan of prevention and combats to fires because of its importance as a preservation area and due to its report of fires occurrence.
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