Background: This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which arabinogalactan (AG) inhibited Nacetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in mice. The balance of the mouse intestinal ora and the relationship between AG treatment and the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated to con rm a liver-gut interaction. Methods: Mice were administered 2 different doses of AG (150 or 300 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 7 days and liver injury was induced by a single injection of APAP (250 m/kg). Hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, and Hoechst 33258 uorescence staining of liver tissue were used to analyze liver damage. Western blots were used to evaluate expression of proteins related to PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways, and changes in the hierarchical structure of the intestinal ora were determined. Results: AG pretreatment increased the proportion of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of species from norank_o_Clostridiaceae and Prevotella in mouse feces compared with APAP-only treated mice. AG pretreatment reversed glutathione depletion and CYP2E1 overexpression, reduced the production of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, and decreased the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β compared with the APAP-only treated mice.The levels of proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were similar between the AG and control groups. AG pretreatment signi cantly reduced APAP-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis and in ammatory in ltration into the liver. Conclusion: PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated BAX expression and the NF-κB signaling cascade were inhibited by AG. AG protected the intestinal ora composition, which subsequently suppressed oxidative stress in the liver, improved the in ammatory response, and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.