A b s t r a c t. The paper concerns the convergence of selected world stock exchanges from the point of view of their development in the context of geographical and economic distance between them. It presents the methodological approach which points up the necessity of taking into account spatial and economic connections among stock markets in convergence analyses. The research includes 46 largest trading floors analyzed in the period of 2004-2012. The empirical data refer to six diagnostic variables acknowledged as the important determinants of the development of stock markets. K e y w o r d s: stock exchanges, convergence, physical and economic distance, connectivity matrix, spatial panel models. J E L Classification: C10, C12, C58, G15.
A b s t r a c t. The paper concerns the convergence of selected stock exchanges from the point of view of their development. It presents the methodological approach which points up taking into account spatial and economic connections among stock markets in convergence analyses. In this analysis the need for division of the stock exchanges according to a spatial regimes is pointed up as well. The research includes 42 largest trading floors analyzed in the period of [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. The empirical data refer to six diagnostic variables acknowledged as the important determinants of the development of stock markets.K e y w o r d s: stock exchanges, convergence, spatial regimes, physical and economic distance, connectivity matrix, spatial panel models. J E L Classification: C10, C12, C58, G15. IntroductionThe paper concerns the convergence of selected stock exchanges, with European stock exchanges on the one hand and the Asian and American on the other, from the point of view of their development. The study is a continuation of our previous investigation, the results of which were published in Dynamic Econometric Models, 2014 (14) (Szulc et al., 2014, pp. 125--144). The main findings of the quoted work were as follows: (1) stock exchanges in their convergence models is justified and crucial for the analysis of this phenomenon. (2) As a result, it is possible to define the influence of the distance between exchanges on their economic development, the estimates of convergence parameter are more precise, and some statistical properties of the models are better. (3) Due to the heteroskedasticity, the empirical panel models for the exchanges investigated as a whole were not entirely satisfactory. It means that there are differentials in relationship between objects considered and their speed of convergence. (4) In some empirical models which we obtained there appeared the problem of autocorrelation of residuals.Motivated by the desire to improve the properties of the empirical models, firstly we decided to establish some spatial regimes and then repeat the research with the division of stock exchanges. The applied categorization involved placing European stock exchanges on one side, and the American and Asian stock markets on the other. The validity of this choice was confirmed by the results of the Chow test on spatial variability of the model parameters (Arbia 2006, p. 133) presented in Section 4 of this paper.The discussion on the convergence of stock exchanges is associated with one of the directions of the analysis of the relationship between capital markets, which searches out the ever-increasing convergence of these markets from the point of view of their specific characteristics. This process, which can be referred to as convergence of stock exchanges is associated with an integration of the financial markets, and their growing interdependence, which in turn is associated with the liberalization of capital flows and technological progress. These processes are favorable for...
A b s t r a c t. The paper refers to convergence of interest rates of ten-year government bonds emitted by EU countries. It is an attempt to assess the participation of particular economies in this process using the so-called vertical convergence. The primary tools of analysis were panel data models with fixed effects, including models that consider the links among economies, quantified by using a distance matrix between indicators of fiscal stability comprehended as the share of public debt in GDP. The analysis was conducted for the 27 members of the EU in the period between January 2006 and November 2016.K e y w o r d s: long term interest rates; process of convergence; fiscal stability; panel data models; matrix of economic connections. J E L Classification: C10; C23; C58; E43. IntroductionAccording to the concept of fiscal stability, the value of public debt should be maintained at the level that will provide the opportunity to minimise the negative effects of its occurrence and will not impede the government's tasks implemented to stabilise the economy (Buiter, 2006, p. 2; Marchewka-Bartkowiak, 2008, p. 55
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