Background Job control and work environment are related to risk of coronary heart disease (CHO), but there is limited understanding of the independent risks associated with these factors.Objective To investigate the association between psychosocial work characteristics and biological risk factors for both sexes for a random population sample in Goteborq, Sweden.Design A cross-sectional study.Methods We used an age-stratified random sample of men and women aged 25-64 years comprising 1200 men and 1412 women, from which 746 men and 872 women responded to the invitation for screening, which included questionnaires and physical/laboratory investigations in 1995.Results Women had lower job control than did men (p= 0.0000 1); job demands were equal and social support at work slightly higher among women (P=0.04). Job control was positively related to education and social group. Smoking women had low job control and high job demands. Women with high grades of psychological stress had low job control and low social support at work (P = 0.00 1 and P = 0.0 1). For both sexes job demands were high (P= 0.0001) among those who reported high psychological stress. Men with high job control and high social support at work were more physically active during leisure time. Subjects with job strain had low social support (P= 0.0 1).Job-stress factors were not related to biological coronary risk factors.Conclusions Women had lower job control than did men. Job control was positively related to education, social class and physical activity. Psychosocial factors were not related to biological coronary risk factors. J Cardiovasc Risk 6:379-385
ObjectiveTo investigate the relations between stress and other psychosocial factors, and to compare stress levels registered at 18 years' interval.MethodsIn 1980 1413 women aged 37 to 65 years were examined (81 per cent of a random population sample). In 1997 to 1998 909 of the women were re‐examined. Psychological stress was graded 1 to 6.ResultsWork‐related factors, i.e. employment including work leadership, demands of high concentration at work, dissatisfaction with work content and dissatisfaction with work environment were each independently associated with severe self‐perceived psychological stress in the 1980 survey (OR (95%CI) = 1.85(1.28–2.70), 1.55(1.11–2.16), 5.06(2.38–10.77) and 2.11(1.23–3.61)), respectively. Family‐related factors such as difficulties in agreeing with husband/cohabitant were also closely related to severe stress (OR (95%CI) = 3.39(1.07–10.75)). Other factors independently related to severe stress were smoking (OR (95%CI) = 1.42(1.03–1.98) and 2.40(1.24–4.65) at the first and second investigations respectively). Psychological stress was lower in physically active women (OR (95%CI) = 0.47(0.35–0.66) and 0.43(0.23–0.80) at the first and second investigations respectively). Blood pressure and serum cholesterol were lower in women at higher stress levels in several age groups. There was a general decrease of the self‐perceived stress level between the first and the second investigation. In women aged 55 to 64 years, however, the only age group that were available for analysis on both occasions, more severe stress was reported at the second investigation (13.8 versus 16.8 per cent; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsFactors related to work conditions, as well as to family circumstances, were independently associated with psychological stress. Smoking was associated with higher stress levels, whereas leisure time physical activity was protective. Contrary to what might be expected blood pressure and to some extent serum cholesterol concentrations were lower at higher stress levels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A primary preventive trial against cardiovascular diseases has been in progress since 1970 in Göteborg, Sweden. The study population comprises all men in the city born in 1915‐22 and 1924‐25, a total of about 30 000 men. One third of this population constitutes the intervention group. The prevalence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction among men aged 47–53 years has been studied in this group. The cases were identified by means of a postal questionnaire, direct interview at screening examination and by clinical examination. A validation of the postal questionnaire technique gave a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 94%. The minimum prevalence of angina pectoris amounted to 4.3% and the prevalence of myocardial infarction to 1.6%. In the angina series, 22% had suffered a myocardial infarction that preceded angina pectoris in 9%.
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