No abstract

Smart construction utilizes the latest IoT "smart" technologies, such as Cyber-Physical Systems, to aid in construction processes. A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is an amalgamation of computation, networking and physical objects. There are various examples of CPS being employed in sectors varying from manufacturing, robotics, and smart cities. Where the application and literature are lacking, however, is construction. This paper focuses on construction machinery operation and work tracking through CPS. The relevant technologies required for creating a system with these capabilities are Augmented Reality (AR) and Digital Twin (DT). Two salient features of a CPS are real-time state knowledge and control. These are handled by the sensors and micro-controllers, respectively, allowing for bi-directional communication between the virtual models and physical objects. Remote control and tracking/monitoring of construction machinery can expedite certain on-site processes such as operations logging and 4D BIM, while improving operation precision and safety.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technique in which a three-dimensional (3D) building model is constructed and designed in a computer. In recent years, BIM has been widely used in design and construction phases, but it has not been widely used in operation and maintenance phases, which account for the largest part of the building life cycle. The information required in BIM is different in each of the phases of design, construction, operation, and maintenance, and there are many pieces of reproduced information, making it difficult for managers to utilize the information. Although a number of studies have been conducted on combination of BIM with various technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced sensing equipment in operation and maintenance, and interlinking of the obtained information with BIM information, there have been difficulties in commercialization and field application. This study aims to determine the problems found in previous studies and propose a fusion process in which new technologies adopt and utilize virtual reality techniques such as augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and head-mounted displays (HMDs) in existing maintenance work, thereby increasing maintenance work efficiency and further improving the utilization of BIM.

No abstract

No abstract

While industrial plant projects are becoming bigger, and global attention to the plant as a construct is increasing, space arrangement in plant projects is inefficient because of the complex structure of required facilities (e.g., complex MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) installations, specialized tools, etc.,). Furthermore, problems during installation, operation, and maintenance stages caused by inconsistencies between floor plans and actual layout are on the rise. Although some of these conflicts can be addressed through clash detection using BIM (building information modeling), quality BIM models are scarce, especially for existing industrial plants. This study proposes a way to address the complexities caused by changes during plant construction and securing space for the installation of equipment during the construction and lifecycle of built facilities. 3D cloud point data of space and equipment were collected using 3D laser scanning to conduct space matching. In processing the space matching, data were simplified by applying the 3D grid and by comparing the data, easier identification of the space for target equipment was accomplished. This study also proposed a pre-processing method based on sub-sampling that optimizes the point cloud data and verifies the processing speed and accuracy. Lastly, it finds free space for various equipment layouts required in industrial plant projects by space analysis, proposed algorithms, and processes for obtaining the coordinates of valid space for equipment arrangement. The proposed method of this study is expected to help solve the problems derived from arrangement and installation of new equipment in a complex plant site.

In the pipe installation and management stage which takes the greatest proportion in most construction projects, workers use 2-D CAD plans to inspect 3-D shape construction. Moreover, duplication, error, omission or rework of tasks due to a communication limitation between project participants and inefficient information management can occur, which results in cost increase, delay of delivery time, productivity decline and quality degradation. This study aims to propose a methodology which is to facilitate inspection confirmation in relation to the project error, by providing required on-site information in real-time, using Augmented Reality (AR) technologies by the Smart Glasses. Using AR technologies, the 3-D space information is sent to the smart device, in order to visualize the piping shape in 3-D, thereby understanding the material information and work inspection in construction and management stage.

No abstract