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Incorporation of both Cu and Ni together into the crystalline lattice of Fe 2 O 3 results in a significant increase in the catalytic activity and also suppresses the methanation reaction in the high-temperature water-gas shift (HT-WGS) reaction. CuNi/Fe 2 O 3 exhibited the highest CO conversion with negligible CH 4 selectivity at the extremely high GHSV of 101 000 h −1 (X CO = 85% at 400°C). The high activity of CuNi/Fe 2 O 3 catalyst is mainly due to the increase in the lattice strain and the decrease in the binding energy of lattice oxygen. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results provide direct evidence for the formation of surface CuNi alloy, which plays a critical role in suppressing the methanation reaction. The detailed characterization by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), XPS, BET, and H 2 temperatureprogrammed reduction (TPR) techniques was used to understand the role of dopants on host iron oxides in the enhancement of catalytic activity for HT-WGS reaction.

The catalytic activity of Cu based catalysts is correlated to its amount of defect oxygen which strongly depends on the ratio of CeO2–ZrO2.

The high temperature water–gas shift (HT-WGS) reaction was performed using a Co–CeO2 catalyst, prepared through a co-precipitation method.