We report a case of Majocchi's granuloma caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes on the vulva in a 23-year-old girl who had used topical steroids for many years. Her dog was a source of the infection.
A MEMS-based integrated capillary-pumped loop (CPL), which can be used for cooling electronic devices such as the CPU of a personal computer or notebook, was developed. The CPL consists of an evaporator and condenser both with the same size of 30 mm × 30 mm × 5.15 mm, which were fabricated using two layers of glass wafer and one layer of silicon wafer.A key element of the CPL is that the 480 ± 15 µm thickness silicon wafer where an array of 56 × 56 cone-shaped microholes that generates the capillary forces was fabricated and inserted above the compensation cavity for liquid transportation instead of a porous wick in the evaporator. The same cone-shaped microstructure was used in the condenser to create a stable interface between the liquid and vapor phases. The CPL fabricated was tested under various conditions such as different relative heights, fill ratios and heat fluxes. The operation conditions of the CPL were varied according to the relative height and fill ratios. With an allowable temperature of 110 • C on the evaporator surfaces, the CPL can handle a heat flux of about 6.22 W cm −2 for the air-cooled condenser. Steady-state operation conditions were achieved within 10 min.
Experimental results on the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT) [Nucl. Technol./Fusion 1, 479 (1982)] and the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) torsatron [Fusion Technol. 10, 179 (1986)] indicate that electrostatic fluctuations can explain the edge transport of particles and perhaps energy. Certain mechanisms for drive (radiation and ionization, as well as density and temperature gradients) and stabilization (velocity shear) are suggested by these results. The experimental fluctuation levels and turbulence characteristics can be reproduced by considering the nonlinear evolution of fluid-type equations, incorporating thermal and ionization drives.
Abstract. Internet speed at the edge is increasing fast with the spread of fiberbased broadband technology. The appearance of bandwidth-consuming applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and video streaming, has made traffic growth a serious concern like never before. Network operators fear congestion at their links and try to keep them underutilized while no concrete report exists about performance degradation at highly utilized links until today. In this paper, we reveal the degree of performance degradation at a 100% utilized link using the packet-level traces collected at our campus network link. The link has been fully utilized during the peak hours for more than three years. We have found that per-flow loss rate at our border router is surprisingly low, but 30 ∼ 50 msec delay is added. The increase in delay results in overall RTT increase and degrades user satisfaction for domestic web flows. Comparison of two busy traces shows that the same 100% utilization can result in different amount of performance loss according to the traffic conditions. This paper stands as a good reference to the network administrators facing future congestion in their networks.
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