The uneven formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) results in continuous electrolyte consumption and poor ionic conductivity, leading to degradation of the electrochemical performance. In this study, we report the optimal conditions for SEI formation to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance of a SiO x anode in LIBs using a pre-lithiation under short-circuitcontaining constant-resistance (PLSC) process. The SiO x electrode prepared using the PLSC process delivers more outstanding cycle life (capacity retention of ∼88.6% over 500 cycles) than that of an electrode prepared using the normal discharging process. Furthermore, PLSC process results in significantly improved power capability of SiO x with a capacity retention of ∼66.6% at 3 A g −1 (vs. the capacity measured at 0.1 A g −1 ).
Although SiO x is a well-known promising anode material for Li-ion batteries because of its high energy density and cyclic stability, the inferior electron transport kinetics and morphologically unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed on the SiO x anode result in inadequate electrochemical performance. Herein, to overcome the poor electron transport kinetics, a carbonincorporated/carbon-coated SiO x ((C-SiO x)@C) composite is fabricated. In addition, the (C-SiO x)@C electrode is pre-lithiated using a charging circuit under an optimized resistance to form a structurally durable SEI layer with high Li + diffusivity during the charge-discharge processes. Thus, the (C-SiO x)@C composite exhibits highly improved cycle performance. IMPACT STATEMENT Elaborately designed SEI composed of LiF for physical sturdiness and Li 2 O to achieve high Li + diffusivity resulted in highly improved cyclic performance as well as initial coulombic efficiency.
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