A study on the micro particle blasting was conducted to find the optimum conditions of the blasted surface of aluminum 6061. The particle type such as Al2O3 and SiC, nozzle diameter, pressure, standoff distance and injection time were used as blasting conditions. Statistical method of orthogonal arrays(ANOVA) was used to find optimum conditions of maximum depth and maximum diameter of blasted surface. Particle type, nozzle diameter, and pressure were found to be the main factors of maximum blasted depth and diameter. Maximum blasted diameter was affected by increasing pressure and nozzle diameter but saturated maximum diameter. Maximum blasted depth was affected by pressure and nozzle diameter when aluminum 6061 was blasted with Al2O3 particle. The value of surface roughness was increased as pressure and nozzle diameter increased when aluminum 6061 was blasted with SiC
Endmill fillet cutting at the corner was conducted with the online measurement of cutting forces and tool deflection by a tool dynamometer and an eddy current sensor system. The profile of the machined surface was also compared with the CAD profile with a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and CALYPSO software. It was found that the end mill cutter with four blades has a better surface profile than that with two blades, and the cutting forces and tool deformation were increased as the cutting speed was increased. When the tool located at the degree 45°corner was found to conduct the maximum cutting force than started to the point of the workpiece. As it was compared with the CMM and ANOVA analysis result in the case that the cutting force and tool deformation was the maximum, it was found that the result was affected by the spindle speed and the number of blades.
Background and Objectives: Intraarticular injection of tranexamic acid (IA-TXA) plus drain-clamping is a preferred method of reducing bleeding after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no consensus has been reached regarding the timing of the clamping. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum duration of drain-clamping after TKA with IA-TXA. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 151 patients that underwent unilateral TKA with IA-TXA plus drain-clamping for 30 min, 2 h, or 3 h. The total drained volume was reviewed as the primary outcome, and hematocrit (Hct) reductions, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rates, and wound complications were reviewed as secondary outcomes. Results: The mean total drained volume, Hct reduction, and EBL were significantly less in the 3 h group than in the 30 min group. Between the 2 h and 3 h groups, there was no statistical difference in the mean total drained volume, Hct reduction, or EBL. The proportion of patients who drained lesser than 300 mL was high in the 3 h group. No significant intergroup difference was observed for transfusion volume, transfusion rate, and wound related complications. Conclusions: In comparison of the IA-TXA plus drain-clamping after TKA, there was no difference in EBL between the 2 h group and the 3 h group, but the amount of drainage volume was small in the 3 h group.
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