Well water is an environmental component that is always used by people but is vulnerable to contaminated. The impact of the contamination of water bodies could cause danger to human health. Water pollution could be caused by radioactivity that exceeds recommended limits. Source of radionuclide pollutants in water bodies could be caused by the operation of nuclear facilities. Analysis of radioactivity has been carried out on several samples of well water near the TRIGA 2000 reactor facility, followed by calculating the internal and external hazard index of radiation dose. The results of the analysis using a gamma spectrometer show that the radionuclides contained in well water samples are not fission products, but they are Ra-226, Bi-214, Pb-214 and K-40 in the form of natural radionuclides. The highest radioactivity in the sample was 5.808 Bq/L from K-40 and the lowest was 0.103 Bq/L from Bi-214. The internal and external hazard index has been determined where the internal hazard index was 0.013-0.023 while the external hazard index was 0.006-0.012 which is below the maximum hazard index value based on UNSCEAR which is ⩽ 1. So, based on the results of this study on the radioactivity parameters show that well water is still safe to be used.
Optimalisasi penggunaan energi pada suatu gedung bertujuan untuk mengurangi pemakaian energi listrikberlebih, sehingga dapat menekan biaya operasional pada gedung tersebut. Salah satu ide optimalisasi yangdapat direncanakan adalah melakukan rekayasa ulang pada sistem pencahayaan dan pengkondisian udara.Halini coba diterapkan pada gedung magister sains terapan Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Evaluasi sistempencahayaan pada bangunan eksisting dilakukan dengan mengukur nilai lux (tingkat cahaya) pada setiapruangan. Sedangkan evaluasi sistem pengkondisian udara pada bangunan eksisting yang dilakukan adalahmengukur kecepatan angin, suhu udara luar dan dalam ruangan pada jam operasional gedung, sertakelembaban udara. Pengolahan data hasil evaluasi selanjutnya dijadikan acuan untuk menentukan jenis usulandesain baru yang akan direkomendasikan. Untuk sistem pencahayaan, usulan desain yang direkomendasikanadalah penambahan cerobong cahaya, pemasangan glassblock, penggantian warna cat dinding, sertapenggantian jenis dan spesifikasi lampu. Sedangkan untuk pengkondisian udara, usulan yang direkomendasikanadalah desain cross ventilation menggunakan jendela fleksibel, penggunaan exhaust fan, serta pergantian jenisdan spesifikasi komponen pengkondisian udara yang lebih hemat energi. Dari rekayasa ulang yang telahdirencanakan, selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan biaya operasional untuk jangka waktu 20 tahun kedepan yangmencakup biaya penggunaan listrik, biaya perawatan, biaya penggantian asset, serta biaya investasi (RAB)dengan dipengaruhi oleh kenaikan tarif listrik rata-rata dan infasi pada setiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan hasilperhitungan, didapatkan nilai perbandingan penghematan biaya operasional hasil usulan desain dengan biayaoperasional kondisi eksisting yaitu sebesar 286% dengan nilai NPV hasil desain sebesar Rp. 5.609.940.958
Gamma Spectroscopy is one of the instruments used in measuring the radioactivity of environmental components. However, an efficiency value from the gamma spectroscopy detector is needed in order to obtain an accurate measurement. Efficiency calibration of the detector can be determined from the calibration curve of the standard source used. The calibration curve of a standard source can be affected by the matrix. The study aims to examine the two of the adjacency matrixes from various standard source for radioactivity analysis of gamma soil samples. The efficiency calibration of standard matrix sand (EG-ML) and ore (IAEA-RGU-1) are y = 3.1761x−0,838 and y = 4.3459x−0,913 respectively. The qualitative measurement of the radioactivity analysis was not influenced by differences in the two standard sources used, where the analyzed soil samples contained K-40, Bi-212, Pb-212, Bi-214, Pb-214, Ra-226, and Ac-228 which were natural radionuclides. However, the quantitative results of radioactivity values show differences with a percentage of 1.1% to 26.2% respectively. The validation of the method carried out on each EG-ML and IAEA RGU-1 standard source obtained satisfactory results with a bias value of ⩽ 2% is 1.2% and 4.3%, the precision value of ⩽ 8% is 0.6% and 1.4%, and the value of Z ⩽ 2 is 0.32 and 0.03 respectively.
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