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Abstract.One of the most significant step in building structure maintenance decision is the physical inspection of the facility to be maintained. The physical inspection involved cursory assessment of the structure and ratings of the identified defects based on expert evaluation. The objective of this paper is to describe present a novel approach to prioritizing the criticality of physical defects in a residential building system using multi criteria decision analysis approach. A residential building constructed in 1985 was considered in this study. Four criteria which includes; Physical Condition of the building system (PC), Effect on Asset (EA), effect on Occupants (EO) and Maintenance Cost (MC) are considered in the inspection. The building was divided in to nine systems regarded as alternatives. Expert's choice software was used in comparing the importance of the criteria against the main objective, whereas structured Proforma was used in quantifying the defects observed on all building systems against each criteria. The defects severity score of each building system was identified and later multiplied by the weight of the criteria and final hierarchy was derived. The final ranking indicates that, electrical system was considered the most critical system with a risk value of 0.134 while ceiling system scored the lowest risk value of 0.066. The technique is often used in prioritizing mechanical equipment for maintenance planning. However, result of this study indicates that the technique could be used in prioritizing building systems for maintenance planning

Developments in the Urban communities has become issue of great concern. Urban development has been rapid with urban centres springing up from rural communities and sometimes creating an imbalance in environmental systems with attendant consequences and advantages. The study therefore explored the urban system housing development within the context of formulating framework for development, renewal and upgrading in order to achieve sustainable development in urban and rural communities. The aim of the study was to carry out a longitudinal survey of selected areas where there is occurrence of concentration of rural-urban, urban-rural settlement within the selected study areas. Survey was conducted on some parameters as part of the calibrated questionnaire that was designed in Likert Scale 1-5 used for the study. The parameters include evaluation of existing renewal and upgrading pattern, upgrading system, renewal strategies, features of rural-urban growth, challenges of urban renewal and regenerations, influence of urban and rural upgrading system on employment availability, health challenges associated with urban-rural settlement and post occupancy study of satisfaction level of residents of urban and rural settlement housing facilities. The study engaged population of 5 different locations with 100 residents drafted from various selected locations classified as urban and rural settlement as respondents. The data was analysed using Mean Item Score, Simple percentages and regression analysis. Some of the striking contribution in this study includes: System to formulate good renewal and resuscitating, it also include resuscitating decayed component of rural setting at urban location. The study also contribute to knowledge in advocating strategies for urban and renewal strategy like compilation of plans for physical development of the area, development of identified locations, re-accommodation and resettlement of displaced settlements, re-accommodation and resettlement of displaced settlements and reconstruction of the areas devastated by development programmes. Similarly, rural and urban development would bring employment opportunity for all classes of trade either skill labour, un-skill labour and semi-skill labour. Construction activities would attract and provide fortune to different workers category there creating prosperity for all. Finally, the study developed a system framework that could be used for urban and rural settlement regeneration, revitalization, redevelopment and reconstruction. The developed framework would assist in eliminating accommodation challenges, employment problems and health care issues often associated with disparity in settlement growth when rural settlement metamorphosed into urban settlement.

ere is a global outcry over the speedy deterioration of structures in oil and gas facilities. While marine environment is considered the leading factor in the deterioration of offshore structures, there is no single factor considered as the main cause of the problem in onshore structures. erefore, the aim of this paper is to present the result of global survey on the major factors causing the deterioration of concrete structures in onshore oil and gas facilities. To realize the objectives of the paper, an e-questionnaire was administered through two International LinkedIn groups with a membership mainly dominated by experts in onshore oil and gas facilities. 159 respondents completed the questionnaires, and the reliability of the responses was calculated to be 0.950 which is considered excellent. Relative importance index was used in ranking the factors, and it was observed that environmental factors ranked as the dominant factors causing the deterioration of concrete structures in onshore process plants. Another important finding in the study is the role that experience plays on the perception of experts on the causes of defects on concrete structures.

In order to address maintenance need of specific structures, a criticality analysis of the structures is essential. This paper presents an analysis of experts' judgment using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Four criteria; people, assets, environment and reputation were considered as criteria. Sample representatives of Ten (10) civil engineering structures from onshore process plant were treated as alternatives. The judgment of the criteria with respect to the main goal was consistent with consistency value of 0.03. Control building (CB) was considered to be the most critical among the selected structure. Although, the technique is based on subjective experts' judgment, but is considered very important in designing maintenance plan for existing structures where design data is not available.

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In mostdeveloping countries, deferred maintenance has become a common problem that negatively impacts the administration of an organization. A building must be effectively maintained in order to provide optimal service functioning, and this is crucial because it affects the building's performance. Public university producefuture leaders, managers, engineers, and industry players. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the issues and challenge, causes and effectsofdeferred maintenance for publicuniversity buildings atMalaysia. In order to accomplish this, a preliminary interview with an expert was held in order to identify rich information and to discuss the issue in depth with participants, as well as to acquire initial information and understanding before further study is continued. Preliminary expert interviews are required to assist the researcher in refining, rephrasing, and confirming the literature-derived criteria. In order to identify the important issues, challenges, causes and effects of deferred maintenanceforpublic university buildings atMalaysia, interviews were conducted with a sample of experienced individuals in order to obtain their expert opinions. Seven professionals and academics working in building maintenance management were selected as respondents. The study will show the issues and barriers as well as the causes and effects andprovide valuable information and a deeper understanding of deferred maintenance.