To uncover potential key genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), microarray data of mRNA, miRNAs and lncRNAs produced from matched sample pairs of LSCC and adjacent normal samples were used to this analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified, and functions and correlations of them were analyzed. In total, 826 DEGs, 44 DE-miRNAs and 347 DE-lncRNAs were identified. The up-regulated DEGs were mainly related to cell cycle, and the down-regulated DEGs were correlated with regulation of biological quality and extracellular region. Furthermore, ATP1A2 was regulated by the lncRNA FLJ42875; AQP1 and TGFBR2 were targeted by LOC100505976; genes like BUB1B and CENPE were modulated by XLOC_l2_010636. Besides, genes like FGF2 and PIK3R1, and lncRNAs like LOC100505976 and XLOC_l2_010636 were modulated by hsa-miR-424-5p. The expression levels of hsa-miR-424-5p, LOC100505976 and XLOC_l2_010636 as well as several DEGs were confirmed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. These regulatory relationships of DEGs, DE-miRNAs and DE-lncRNAs might play pivotal roles in the tumorigenesis of LSCC.

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Background Ulcerative colitis is a recurrent autoimmune disease. At present, the pathogenesis of UC is not completely clear. Hence, the etiology and underlying molecular mechanism need to be further investigated. Methods Three sets of microarray datasets were included from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes in two sets of datasets were analyzed using the R software, and the core genes of UC were screened using machine learning. The sensitivity and specificity of the core genes were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve in another microarray dataset. Subsequently, the CIBERSORT tool was used to analyze the relationship between UC and its core genes and immune cell infiltration. To verify the relationship between UC and core genes and the relationship between core genes and immune cell infiltration in vivo. Results A total of 36 DEGs were identified. AQP8, HMGCS2 , and VNN1 were determined to be the core genes of UC. These genes had high sensitivity and specificity in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. According to the analysis of immune cell infiltration, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages were positively correlated with UC. AQP8, HMGCS2 , and VNN1 were also correlated with immune cell infiltration to varying degrees. In vivo experiments verified that the expressions of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages increased in the UC colon. Furthermore, the expressions of AQP8 and HMGCS2 decreased, whereas that of VNN1 increased. Azathioprine treatment improved all the indicators to different degrees. Conclusion AQP8, HMGCS2 , and VNN1 are the core genes of UC and exhibit different degrees of correlation with immune cells. These genes are expected to become new therapeutic targets for UC. Moreover, the occurrence and development of UC are influenced by immune cell infiltration.