This paper describes the result of an investigation of strains and strain rates which normally occur in the tendons of the equine foreleg and presents stress-strain curves and moduli for the tendons at these rates. It has previously been demonstrated that resistance to flexion of the joints of the distal part of the equine foreleg is provided by a passive system of tendons and ligaments. It is therefore possible, using a large displacement, high-rate testing machine, to duplicate in the laboratory the strain rates and forces which are normally produced in the tendons of the foreleg of the running horse. To carry out tendon tests, legs were mounted in the test machine. The superficial flexor tendon was exposed and fitted with an extensometer and a buckle-type force transducer. Stress-strain curve were obtained for 13 tendons. It is shown that strains to 12% and strain rates to 200%/sec occur normally in the superficial flexor tendon. Stress strain curves and tangent modulus are presented for strains from 0 to 10% at rates from 5 to 100%/sec. Tendon modulus is found to be essentially rate in dependent in this range.

Heat transfer enhancement in a thermal storage system consisting of vertically arranged fins between a heated and cooled horizontal finned-tube arrangement is reported. The high thermal expansion coefficient and low viscosity of paraffin wax, at temperatures above 50°C, are utilized to induce natural convection in the liquid phase even at small thicknesses. The experimental data on the rate of production of liquid as a function of time and temperature of the hot surface is presented. The photographs of the melted zone indicate a naturally buoyant flow induced in the neighborhood of the vertical fins causes a rapid melting of the solid wax and a downdraft along the cooler solid phase surface. The heat transfer coefficient at the interface is calculated from experimentally determined instantaneous locations of the moving boundary.

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SUMMARYFor filament winding of thermoset composite structures, the curing process can be accomplished during the winding process. In this paper, a three-dimensional model in cylindrical co-ordinate to simulate the thermal process of online laser curing of thermoset composites is presented. The temperature and degree of cure profiles are obtained numerically. The results show that appropriate choice of the processing parameters is important for the quality of the product produced.

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