Several factors are converging to enable atomic clocks to be manufactured with very small dimensions and run at low operating power. MOEMS technology, high-speed vcsels, microelectronics, wafer-scale packaging, and the all-optical CPT method of exciting atomic transitions are key ingredients in the quest to make precision time-keeping devices with chip-scale dimensions. In this paper we report on the design and process that enable an atomic clock to be made with a total volume of 1.7 cm^3, a total power budget of 57 mWatts, and an Allan Deviation at 1 hour of 5E-12.
We report here the design, fabrication and demonstration of an electrostatically actuated MEMS diffractive optical device, the Polychromator grating. The Polychromator grating enables a new type of correlation spectrometer for remote detection of a wide range of chemical species, offering electronic programmability, high specificity and sensitivity, fast response and ruggedness. Significant results include: (1) The first demonstrations of userdefined synthetic spectra in the 3 -5 pm wavelength regime based upon controlled deflection of individual grating elements in the Polychromator grating;(2) The first demonstration of gas detection by correlation spectroscopy using synthetic spectra generated by the Polychromator grating.Nevertheless, successful results have been obtained using this configuration.
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