Cross-sectional 2D models often represent a computationally efficient alternative to full 3D models, when simulating complex multi-physical magnet systems. However, especially for the case of self-protected, superconducting magnets, where the stored energy has to be dissipated within the magnet coils, the thermal diffusion and the quench development in all three dimensions become key aspects. In order to further improve the simulation of transients in 2D models, a new modelling method for simplified quench development along the direction of the transport current is introduced. The original 2D model is hereby utilized for modelling the thermal domain, and the electrical resistance of each turn is scaled by the estimated time-dependent fraction of quenched conductor. Furthermore, the turn to turn quench propagation following the electrical connections is implemented. The proposed approach allows a very computationally efficient and easy-to-implement calculation since the model is effectively two-dimensional while providing a good approximation of the coil resistance development with sufficient accuracy. In order to illustrate the proposed quench-propagation modelling approach, simulations are compared to experimental results for the case of a self-protected, superconducting Nb-Ti dipole magnet. In general, a very good agreement between measurements and simulations was achieved.
Magnetic susceptibilities of binary Mo-Tc alloys have been measured in the temperature range from 300°K to the superconducting transition temperature. The room-temperature magnetic susceptibility increases from pure Mo (82.5×10−6 emu/g-atom) to a small maximum (96.5×10−6 emu/g-atom) at the equiatomic composition. Further additions of Tc produce a decrease which reaches a minimum at 70 at. % Tc (χ=87.3×10−6 emu/g-atom). Beyond this composition there is another increase to the value of 120.8×10−6 emu/g-atom for the pure Tc. No Curie or Curie—Weiss type of temperature dependence of the susceptibility was observed in all the alloys in the temperature range investigated. The results are discussed in relation to the band theory of metals and some generalizations about the d-band form of the three transition metal series having the same electron concentrations are made.
Swelling of Unalloyed High-purity Uranium. Density measurements Microstructures before and after irradiation 13 Microstructures after annealing at temperatures up to 650°C in the alpha phase 13 Microstructures after annealing at temperatures between 650°C and 750°C in the beta phase Microstructures after annealing at teinperatures in the gamma phase. Sizes and distribution of pores Fission gas release Swelling of Uranium Alloys Density measurements Microstructures of uraniumi alloys before irradiation.. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS High-purity Uranium.
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