Neutron resonance spectrometry ͑NRS͒ has been used to measure the temperature inside Mo samples during shock loading. The temperatures obtained were significantly higher than predicted assuming ideal hydrodynamic loading, a discrepancy which we now explain. The effects of plastic flow and nonideal projectile behavior were assessed. Plastic flow was calculated self-consistently with the shock jump conditions: this is necessary for a rigorous estimate of the locus of shock states accessible. Plastic flow was estimated to contribute a temperature rise of 53 K compared with hydrodynamic flow. Simulations were performed of the operation of the explosively driven projectile system used to induce the shock in the Mo sample. The simulations, and related experiments, indicated that the projectile was significantly curved on impact, and still accelerating. The resulting spatial variations in load, including radial components of velocity, should increase the apparent temperature that would be deduced from the width of the neutron resonance by 160 K. These corrections are sufficient to reconcile the apparent temperatures deduced using NRS with the accepted properties of Mo, in particular, its equation of state.
A Distribution Feeder Automation system deployed at Wake Electric using IEC61850 "GOOSE" over a WiMAX wireless communication provided the real world test bed to prove a new testing method and procedure. The Wake system consists of 7 reclosers connected in a mesh network supplied from three different substations. The system typically performs automation sequences in less than 0.5 seconds. This paper will discuss how this complex high-speed feeder automation and associated communication systems were tested to prove correct and predictable protection isolation and restoration sequences. The testing was first performed in a laboratory environment to verify test protocols, followed by the actual field test. For comprehensive testing, the test equipment was deployed at all 7 recloser locations, and simulated faults were applied on different line sections. The test equipment operated synchronously to simulate a real-life event at all locations as would be the case when real faults were to occur. All test sets used to perform the required transient current and voltage injections were GPS synchronized and controlled through the installed WiMAX system from a single PC located at one of the recloser locations. This paper will in addition provide a comparison of a test performed to a real event that occurred on the system.
The present study is based on improving the intergranular connectivity of Tl HTSC tapes by passivation of grain boundaries through the addition of silver. Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 HTSC tapes to which silver had been added were fabricated by the diffusion of Tl vapour in the precursor tape to which silver had been added. The tapes were cast by using a doctor-blade tape-casting machine. These tapes having Tl:2223 as the majority phase were found to possess T c (R = 0) in the range 107-113 K. The critical current density (J c ) of the Tl HTSC tapes was found to scale with the silver content and optimum J c ∼ 9.55 × 10 4 A cm −2 (20 K) and 7.05 × 10 4 A cm −2 (77 K) were obtained for Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10 Ag 0.40 HTSC tapes. SEM of pure (without silver) and Ag-admixed Tl:2223 tapes revealed that, as the silver content increased, the grain size and intergranular connectivity increased. With an optimum concentration of Ag (y = 0.40), a well-oriented platelet-like grain structure became stabilized, leading to an improvement in J c . The most curious microstructural feature, observed for the first time in the present study, was the occurrence of sequential layer growth features resembling spiral characteristics. The influence of these microstructural features on the superconducting properties, in particular the transport critical current density, is described and discussed.
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