Two insecticide trials were conducted in a commercially grown field of pumpkins managed by Owatonna Canning Co., in Mower County, Minnesota. The field was planted 18 May. Plots in both trials consisted of single 25 ft (7.62 m) rows on 5 ft (1.52 m) centers. Plant spacing was 18 inches (0.46 m). Both trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design. The first trial consisted of 4 replications and the second, 5 replications. All plots were separated by 1 or 2 skip rows. Treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with a XR-Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzle. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gpa (233.8 liter/ha) at 35 psi (242 kPa). Adios, a cucurbitacin bait treatment, contained 13% carbaryl. Treatments for the first trial were applied 3 Jun. Percent infestation and insect counts were taken 4 Jun (1 DAT), 6 Jun (3 DAT), and 11 Jun (8 DAT). Treatments for the second trial were applied once, 16 Jun. Percent infestation and insect counts were taken 17 Jun (1 DAT), 20 Jun (4 DAT), and 24 Jun (8 DAT). For each study, SCB was the dominant insect pest, with only a low-level population of spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, present in the field. Count and percentage data were transformed by Vx + 0.5 and arcsin (x), respectively.
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Southern Experiment Station at Waseca, MN. Sweet corn was planted 16 Jun in plots consisting of four rows, 25 ft (7.6 m) long on 30 inch (0.8 m) centers. Two untreated border rows and 6 ft (1.83 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A Hagie highboy sprayer, with two flat fan (8002VS) drop nozzles per row, was used to treat each plot. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gpa (327.4 liters/ha) at 36 psi (2.8 kg/cm2) and 2 mph (1.2 km/hr). Sprays were initiated when the corn was at 25% silk. Treatments were applied on 16 and 24 Aug. The final scheduled treatment was omitted because of excessive precipitation. Plots were manually infested with about 25 neonate ECB larvae per primary earleaf on 18 Aug, two days after the first treatments were applied. Treatments were evaluated 14 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears per plot (100 per treatment) and recording total larvae, larval size, location and feeding damage.
This study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Cabbage was transplanted 14 Jun. Plots consisted of two 25 ft (7.6 m) rows on 40 inch (1.0 m) centers with plants spaced 13 inches (0.33 m) apart. Ten ft (3.0 m) borders and 10 ft (3.0 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatment applications were not initiated until early head formation because of mechanical problems with the sprayer. Treatments were applied 2, 10, and 21 Aug using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 3 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles (1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles) per row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 27 gpa (252.5 liters/ha) at 47 psi (3.3 kg/cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hr). Bond sticker/extender was added to all treatments at a rate of 0.10 fi oz/gal (0.8 ml/liter). Counts were taken 7 and 23 Aug. Plots were harvested and evaluated for feeding damage on 25 Aug using Greene’s rating scale (J. Econ. Entomol. 1969 62:4 798-800). 1 = no feeding damage; 2 = minor feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (≤ 1% eaten); 3 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (2-5% eaten) with no head damage; 4 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (6-10% eaten) and minor feeding scars on the head; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on the wrapper leaves (11-30% eaten) and moderate feeding scars on the head; 6 = > 30% of the wrapper leaves eaten and numerous feeding scars on the head.
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota, Rosemount Experiment Station, in snap beans planted 2 Jun. Plots consisted of three 30 ft (9.14 m) rows on 30 inch (0.76 m) centers. Two untreated border rows and 7 ft (2.13 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Insecticide treatments were assigned to whole plots, while infestation timings consisted of single-row sub-plots within each whole plot. Treatments were applied 12 Jul using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 7 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles delivering 27 gpa (252.5 liter/ha) at 50 psi (3.51 kg/cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hour). Plots were manually infested with ECB using a ‘bazooka’ applicator on 8, 15 and 19 Jul, corresponding to bud stage (72%), bloom (63%), and pod growth stages (75% at 0.5-3 inch length), respectively. On each infestation date, eleven consecutive plants in one row of each whole plot were infested with approximately 75 first-instar ECB larvae/plant. Infestations were designed to evaluate the activity of each material 4-d pretreatment, 3-d posttreatment and 7-d posttreatment. Beans were planted so that peak flowering would occur between the first and second generation ECB flights; feral ECB moth flights during this time were low. All treatments were evaluated 8 Aug by selecting five consecutive plants from the center of each infested row. Total pods, pods with feeding damage, stalk damage, and total ECB larvae were recorded.
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Southern Experiment Station at Waseca, MN. Sweet corn was planted 14 Jun. Plots consisted of four rows, 25 ft (7.6 m) long on 30 inch (0.8 m) centers with two untreated border rows and 6 ft (1.83 m) alleys separating the plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. A Hagie highboy sprayer, with two flat fan (8002VS) drop nozzles per row, was used to treat each plot. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gpa (327.4 liters/ha) at 36 psi (2.8 kg/cm2) and 2 mph (1.2 km/hr). Treatment applications were scheduled \ to start at first silk. However, because of unusually rapid development of the sweet corn, the corn was at 100% silk at the time of the first application. Treatments were applied 15 and 24 Aug. The final scheduled application was omitted because of rapid maturity of the corn. Plots were manually infested with about 25 neonate ECB larvae per primary earleaf 17 Aug, two days after the first treatments were applied. Treatments were evaluated 30 Aug by randomly selecting 25 ears per plot (100 per treatment) and recording total larvae, larval size, location and feeding damage.
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