A model for allocation of vessels' time budget under long-term freight contracts in the conditions of fuzzy uncertainty is developed, taking into account the fact that in a «free» from work time under these contracts, vessels can operate in an open freight market. Fuzzy uncertainty is manifested in the fact that the parameters of the transport process, technical and operational indicators of vessels' performance and the volumes of transport work are presented in the form of maximum, minimum and most expected, which corresponds to the actual situation in the shipping management. The proposed model allows to define: the number of vessels of a certain type, which should be taken in time charter lease to achieve specific goals and conditions; the allocation of the company's own vessels and leased vessels under long-term contracts and, accordingly, the selection of contracts (as a result of optimization, individual contracts may be identified as not effective for the company; determination of the time budget shares of vessels (own and leased), within which they will carry out transportation under these contracts, as well as time budget shares, within which they will work on the free freight market. At the same time, established values of the variables ensure the maximization of operating profit, with the consideration of it's minimum permissible boundary. Technical and operational performance of the vessels and the characteristics of contracts and indicators characterizing the situation on the freight market are presented in the form of fuzzy numbers of a triangular type, which reflects the practical availability of information (minimum, maximum, and most possible). The results obtained from the model take into account the uncertainty of the conditions formulated in the form of fuzzy numbers, describing the values of technical and operational indicators, as well as the characteristics of long-term contracts and the situations on the freight market. Practical use of the model allows shipowners to plan the work of vessels and evaluate the results of their work in the absence of complete information, based on analysts' forecasts, presented in the form of fuzzy numbers.
Визначено роль ефективної організації вантажних перевезень в розвитку регіону у цілому та транспортній галузі зокрема. Враховано можливі негативні фактори, які можуть стати на шляху узгодженого розвитку транспортної інфраструктури регіону. Відзначена важливість комплексного вивчення проблеми при розробці стратегії розвитку регіону, де буде проводитися багаторівнева оцінка транспортної інфраструктури, ринку перевезень, портових послуг. Запропоновано сучасний підхід, що включає багатофакторну оцінку різних аспектів транспортної системи регіону, з метою подальшої розробки та впровадження планів розвитку, узгоджених з потребами транспортної галузі в регіоні.
The object of this research is transport provision of supplies using sea transport. The problem of increasing the efficiency of transportation of bulk cargo by bulk carriers or universal destination by optimizing the option and parameters of transport equipment is considered. For categories of goods that are exported using sea transport, it is possible to use not only different options for transport equipment – own or leased (for vessels – time charter), but also different options from the point of view of the parameters of the vehicles. In this paper, the parameters are understood as the characteristics of sea vessels, on which the main economic indicators depend – deadweight, which reflects the size of the vessel and its carrying capacity for bulk carriers; as well as the age of the courts, which determines the cost of their rent and the level of operational costs. The result of the research is an optimization model that allows to determine for each market a variant of transport equipment and its parameters. Model not only distributes deliveries according to transport options, but also determines which vessels of what size and age (for time charter) should carry out transportation. These results are focused on the exporter's decision-making process about sales markets in combination with decisions on transport provision before concluding contracts. Varying the size and age of the vessels makes it possible to consider a wider range of options from the point of view of parameters. The practical use of the model allows the exporter at the stage of preparation (before the conclusion of contracts) depending on the volume of supplies and the market situation, including the freight one, to make decisions about options for transport support, which is taken into account when formulating transport conditions of contracts. Integral consideration of commercial (volumes of deliveries, transport terms of contracts), economic (price levels, freight rates, costs) and technological (size of vessels and their age) factors within the framework of the model allows taking into account the multifaceted nature of the problem of transport provision.
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