No abstract

In this paper, a design of a low profile cavity backed antenna consisting of bilateral slots is developed for generating two frequencies. Here, the whole antenna including substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is constructed from only one substrate with the height of 0.026λ 0. The long transversal slot at the ground plane is excited by TE 210 mode of the cavity and produces one hybrid mode resonance at 9.85 GHz. When the short transversal slot cut is incorporated in the top portion of the cavity, TE 310 mode is perturbed, which results in generating an additional hybrid mode resonance at 14 GHz. Both these hybrid modes help to create a dual-band response. A sample of the proposed design is fabricated, and it has been verified experimentally that the bandwidths of the proposed design are 530 MHz (5.48%) and 440 MHz (3.15%) at lower and higher resonant frequencies, respectively. The antenna renders measured peak gains of 6.62 dBi and 6.44 dBi at 9.85 GHz and 14 GHz, respectively. The cross-polarization level of maximum −20 dB and same polarization planes are obtained at both the operating frequencies.

Breast cancer is one of the most occurring cancers in women due to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lobules or milk ducts. The treatment for the breast cancer at an early stage is important using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which effectively measures the size of the cancer and also checks tumors in the opposite breast. The deposition of calcium components on the breast tissue is known as micro-calcifications. The calcium salts deposited in the breast are involved with the cancer and were not diagnosed accurately due to the low effectiveness of existing imaging technique namely Haralick feature extraction technique. The MRI breast cancer diagnosis creates problems during classification of breast image and leads to misclassifications, such as unidentified calcium deposits in the existing K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier. The misclassification issues are overcome by an accurate classification and identification of calcium salts and checks whether deposited salt on breast tissue is involved with cancer or not. Initially, Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is used to remove the unwanted noise in the MRI and Morphological, Multilevel Otsu’s Thresholding and region growing techniques perform segmentation to mask unwanted breast tissues. The proposed Hybrid LOOP Haralick feature extraction technique is developed by combining the both Local Optimal Oriented Pattern (LOOP) and Haralick texture feature and the hybrid parameters are applied to the Stacked Auto Encoder based (SAE) to classify the breast MRI image as a Malignant or Benign. The performance of the proposed hybrid LOOP Haralick feature extraction shows significant accuracy improvement of 3.83% when compared to the Haralick feature extraction technique.

No abstract

No abstract