We studied age-dependent dynamics of some liver parameters in albino rats after antenatal hypoxia. A decrease in body weight, absolute liver weight in newborn and mature rats, and a reduction of relative weight of the liver in mature animals were observed under these conditions. It was found that antenatal hypoxia promotes a decrease in DNA-synthetic activity of hepatocytes, intensifies free radical processes in the liver of newborn rats, and reduces the number of nucleoli in hepatocytes. In mature animals, antenatal hypoxia was followed by a decrease in hepatocyte sizes and area of nucleoli, an increase in the number of binuclear cells relative to mononuclear cells, and a decrease in the number of nucleoli in hepatocyte nuclei. These data can reflect impairment of tissue homeostasis in the liver of mammals exposed to antenatal hypoxia.
Актуальность задачи по снижению социально-медицинского бремени протозойных кишечных болезней, вызываемых апикомплексными паразитами рода Cryptosporidium, обосновывает необходимость изучения их распространенности среди групп населения высокого риска, к которым принадлежат и дети. Для установления уровня распространенности криптоспоридиоза в Донецкой области проведено целевое обследование 295 детей (возрастом до 17 лет) с острой кишечной инфекцией с водянистой диареей. По результатам микроскопии мазков фекалий (n = 295), обогащенных формалин-этилацетатной седиментацией в фекальном концентраторе Mini Parasep® SF и окрашенных модифицированным способом по Цилю — Нильсену, частота экскреции ооцист криптоспоридий (ЧЭО) составила 4,2 %. Обнаруженные ооцисты имели характерные морфологические и тинкториальные свойства и методом полимеразной цепной реакции идентифицированы как C.parvum. Применяя реакцию непрямой иммунной флуоресценции с использованием диагностикума ПОАгCrypto (фиксированные к поверхности предметного стекла очищенные ооцисты регионального штамма C.parvum ЛНМИЗ 3/2018), в образцах сыворотки крови детей (n = 78) определена частота наличия и титры специфических Ig∑, IgG, IgM и IgА. При пороговом титре специфических IgG 1 : 16 индекс серораспространенности (ИСП) криптоспоридиоза в когорте обследованных детей достигал 21,8 % и превышал выявленную у них ЧЭО (р ≤ 0,05). С учетом показателей ЧЭО и ИСП Донецкую область следует отнести к регионам с относительно невысоким уровнем заболеваемости детей криптоспоридиозом.
In 2017, Ukraine ranked in the top three among European countries in terms of measles incidence, and ranked first in measles growth in 2018. High morbidity, mortality and development of complications make the problem of knowing features of the measles clinical course, timely diagnosis and active prevention highly relevant. The purpose of the research is to study the dynamics of the incidence and clinical features of measles in children during the outbreak of 2018–2019 in the city of Mariupol, Donetsk region. A peculiarity of the measles outbreak in 2018–2019 in Mariupol is prevalence of the disease in preschool children (60.4%), including 30.2% – those under one year of age; low vaccination rate: 52.3% of children unvaccinated; only 22.2% of children were vaccinated twice, according to the schedule. In all age groups, a moderately severe measles course prevailed (69.8%). The clinical course of measles in preschool and school age children had definitive features. Thus, Belsky–Filatov–Koplik spots were observed three times more frequently in preschool children than in schoolchildren (63.9% and 23.3%, respectively). Abdominal pain and diarrhea were only observed in children under 6 years of age (30.2%). Skin pigmentation was absent in children under one year of age and was detected in preschool and school-age children (69.8%). Skin sloughing was only observed in schoolchildren (10.4%). Severe disease course occurred in patients of all ages (29.3%), but children aged under one year and preschool children with severe disease were two times more numerous than those of the school age. Among the observed complications, the vast majority were associated with the respiratory organs: pneumonia (38.3%), subcutaneous emphysema (1.7%), bronchitis (53.2%), laryngitis (3.3%), otitis media (5%). No fatalities were observed. The city should form a commitment to immunization, restore public trust in vaccination, using all forms and means of information, and develop a program to implement the vaccination schedule into practice.
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