The objective of this article is to formulate the definition of the notion of disciplinary responsibility of police officers, to highlight and study the features of this legal phenomenon in the legal system of individual European states. The research was carried out on a complex of general and special scientific methods. In particular, was used the hermeneutic, the logical method of convergence from simple to complex, the logical-semantic, the logical-legal, the comparative-legal method. The author of this article has studied the features of the disciplinary responsibility of police officers. The author focuses on the fact that the disciplinary responsibility of police officers has a number of features: 1) police officers are subjects of special disciplinary responsibility; 2) the content of a disciplinary offense (misconduct) of a police officer is broader than that of persons who are not in the public service; 3) the number of disciplinary sanctions applied to police officers is wider than for employees who are not in the public service; 4) the procedure for bringing to disciplinary responsibility of police officers of Ukraine is specific; 5) employees of the National Police of Ukraine are brought to disciplinary responsibility in case of committing any offense (criminal, administrative, civil).
The constituent process as a kind of legal process has been researched. Its specific features in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine include the fact that it is the result of legal regulation, not related to the existence of a dispute about the right; consists of a certain sequence of proceedings (in regard to agencies and units – creation, reorganization and liquidation, in regard to officials – appointment and removal); aimed at the formation, development and improvement of the institutional and personnel basis of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; acts as a special regulatory procedure for carrying out management activity of the implementation of the relevant legal norms; ensures the effective functioning of the state administration mechanism in the relevant field. On the basis of theoretical analysis of legal literature, the author has determined that the regime of the constituent process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs first in its general theoretical aspect distinguishes, first of all the specificity of the formation of the corresponding agencies and units of the state or the appointment of officials depending on their subordinate position within the structure of the Ministry, in particular, and the mechanism of the state in general. It has been argued that the purpose of the constituent process is the formation, development and improvement of the relevant agencies and units, the appointment of officials, as well as their management. It has been determined that the reasons for the origin of this type of legal process in the activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are the relevant legal facts or legal status. One can study the main elements of the procedural form in the constituent process in the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which combine the specific features and characteristics of each type of legal process.
In the article, the authors identified and analyzed the main features of the activities of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption under martial law. The authors proved that after the full-scale invasion of Russia, the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, as well as most state bodies, has adapted to the changes in the state and society. The authors note that a wide range of powers and rights of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption are fixed at the legislative level. In the scientific article, the authors have conditionally divide the entire set of rights and powers of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption into types “depending on the scope of their implementation or depending on the function within they are carried out”. It has been emphasized that in the conditions of martial law, the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption continued to fulfill its powers, using the rights enshrined in Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”. However, taking into account the military and political situation that has led to the emergence of new social relations or the change of existing ones (crossing the border by men of military age under martial law, the activities of charitable and humanitarian funds, etc.), the content of the powers of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption has been transformed to a certain extent. In the conditions of martial law, despite the partial temporary suspension of certain functions, the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption not only continues to fulfill its mandate, but also redistributes resources for wartime needs. It has been proven that the essence of the activity of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption in the conditions of martial law has remained unchanged, ensuring the formation and implementation of the state anti-corruption policy, the formation of rules for the prevention of corruption and the improvement of the transparency of the public sector.
The author has carried out theoretical study of the development of ideas in legal science on the principles of legal process; has studied the etymological meaning of the term of “principle”. The analysis of legal literature and the corresponding normative and legal material has been carried out. It has been noted that the principles of legal process are formed as a result of verified, reasoned and substantiated activities of authorized entities after the cognition of the patterns of procedural activities. Using the action of principles of legal process in the legal system as a criterion of classification, the author has singled out its general and special principles. The general principles of legal process include principles aimed at revealing the nature, character, nature of legal process. The special principles, in turn, include principles that reflect the functional orientation of the types of legal process and determine the organizational features, specifics of means and methods of carrying out procedural activities at its individual stages. Taking into account the organizational features, specifics of means and methods of carrying out procedural activities at its separate stages, such principles of stages of legal process as the principle of written form of consolidation, the principle of legal qualification, the principle of certification of result, the principle of urgency have been singled out. The author has provided characteristics and has revealed the content of these principles.
Калєніченко Л.І., д.ю.н., доцент, професор кафедри теорії та історії держави і права факультету № 1 Харківський національний університет внутрішніх справ Слинько Д.В., д.ю.н., доцент, професор кафедри теорії та історії держави і права факультету № 1 Харківський національний університет внутрішніх справ У статті запропоновано під адаптацією національного законодавства до законодавства Європейського Союзу розуміти процес приведення законів і підзаконних нормативно-правових актів у відповідність до нормативно-правових актів Європейського Союзу. Доведено, що співвідношення права Європейського Союзу та національного права відбувається на основі двох підходів. Перший підхід репрезентується як пріоритет норм права Європейського Союзу, що, як правило, закріплюється в конституціях держав-учасників. Сутність другого підходу полягає в прямій дії норм права Європейського Союзу на території держав-учасників. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що в доктрині права існують три концепції співвідношення міжнародного й національного права: а) концепція верховенства (примату) міжнародного права; б) концепція верховенства (примату) національного права; в) дуалістична концепція. Наголошено, що стаття Х Декларації про державний суверенітет України визнає пріоритет загальновизнаних норм міжнародного права перед нормами внутрішньодержавного права. Доведено, що в законодавстві України закріплено примат міжнародного права. Звернено увагу на те, що в сучасному праві України використовуються різні способи імплементації. До найпоширеніших з них зараховано: а) відсилання-унесення до національного законодавства відсилання до відповідних міжнародно-правових джерел, тобто реалізація національної правової норми відбувається через безпосереднє звернення до тексту міжнародного договору; б) рецепцію-унесення в національне право норм міжнародного права без зміни їх змісту; в) трансформацію-передбачає видання відповідних національних актів після приєднання держави до міжнародного договору. Зроблено висновок, що приєднання України до Європейської конвенції про захист прав людини та основоположних свобод вплинуло на систему джерел національного права. Рішення Європейського суду з прав людини, згідно з положеннями Закону України «Про виконання рішень та застосування практики Європейського суду з прав людини» від 23.02.2006, є обов'язковими для вирішення аналогічних справ, а отже, є окремим самостійним джерелом права національної правової системи. Ключові слова: адаптація національного законодавства, законодавство Європейського Союзу, міжнародне право, національне право, джерела права.
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