Objective – to improve the treatment quality for patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM).Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of endovascular and surgical treatment of patients was made. In SO «Scientific-practical Center of endovascular neuroradiology NAMS of Ukraine» since 2005 till 2018 were operated 55 patients (34 (61.8 %) men and 21 (38.2 %) women). The age of patients ranged from 11 to 62 years (middle age is 45.3 years). The classification proposed by Anson and Spetzler in 1992 was used in order to divide patients into experimental groups: type I, arteriovenous fistula (AVF); type II, glomus intramedullary AVM; type III, juvenile AVM; and type IV, perimedullary AVF. Patients with type I were 36 (65.5 %), with ІІ type – 10 (18.2 %), with ІIІ type – 5 (9.0 %), with IV type – 4 (7.3 %). For diagnostics were used MRI and spinal angiography. The Aminoff–Logue scale was used for assessment of the neurological deficiency severity. Early postoperative complications (CSF) leakage, wound infection, early postoperative worsening) were counted.Results. 12 (21.8 %) patients were treated using the microsurgical method and 43 (78.2 %) were treated endovascular. We used endovascular and microsurgical methods to treat patients with I type spinal AVM. Microsurgical intervention for 9 (33 %) patients was performed. Complete disconnection of fistula was achieved in 9 patients. Early postoperative complication (CSF leakage) was observed in 1 (11 %) case. Endovascular treatment was performed for 27 (67 %) patients. Total disconnection was achieved in 16 (59 %) cases, 17 patients (63 %) had early transient neurological worsening. Embolization is the first-line treatment for patients with type II AVM – 8 (80 %) patients. Complete obliteration of AVM was attained in 5 patients (62.5 %), 6 (75 %) patients suffered from early worsening of postoperative neurological symptoms. The microsurgical method was used in case of low risk of spinal cord injury in 2 patients (20 %), AVMs were excluded totally in 2 patients and in 1 patient neurological deterioration was stabilized. All patients with III type AVM were treated endovascular. AVM was obliterated complete in 1 patient (20 %). Three (60 %) patients had transient neurological deterioration. Endovascular method was used to treat 3 (75 %) patients with type IV AVM. Totally disconnection of AVM was achieved in 1 (33 %) patient. Super-selective catheterization of all conductive arteries was not possible. Neurological worsening was observed in 1 (33 %) patient.Conclusions. Angiography is the first-line diagnostic method which permits to find the most effective and safe way (endovascular or/and microsurgical treatment) to disconnect AVM from spinal cord bloodstream. Microsurgical intervention helps to achieve eye-controlled total arteriovenous disconnection. Microsurgical technique usage leads to good neurological results – neurological improvement the following day after surgery in all cases of AVM type I treatment. The structure of AVM determines effectiveness, radicality, method of treatment and the level of feeder artery catheterization. The main goal of embolization to achieve the safe catheterization level of the afferent. Multimodal treatment, which includes endovascular and microsurgical methods, is the most effective in case of AVM II and III types.
The aim: To obtain the first estimates the incidence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens, and determine their impact on inpatient mortality in Ukraine. Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter prospective study was patient-based data of SSIs were according to CDC/NHSN methodology. This study included patients undergoing a neurosurgical procedure in 11 tertiary care hospitals from different regions of Ukraine from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2020. Results: A total of 1697 neurosurgical procedures associated with a 90-day SSI were identified (19.4% of 8741 procedures). Of these, 69.5% SSI were identified after craniotomy and 30.5% after ventricular shunt. The Meningitis or ventriculitis (20.9%) were found to be the most common underlying condition among these patients followed by Intracranial infection (18.7%), and Osteomyelitis (14.6%) congenital malformation. Over a 90-day surveillance period, 387 died (4.4%). Fifty seven percent of deaths in SSI patients were attributable to infection. Meningitis or ventriculitis and Intracranial infection were associated with a higher mortality. Craniotomy was associated with a higher mortality more frequently than did Ventricular shunt. Escherichia coli were most commonly reported, accounting for 26.3% of all organisms, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Meticillin resistance was found in 33.7% of S. aureus isolates, and vancomycin resistance was found in 12.7% of enterococci. Conclusions: The incidence of SSI and mortality after neurosurgical procedures in Ukraine is high. This is due to increase emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and risk factors in neurosurgery patients.
Today in Ukraine there is no single standardized protocol for the treatment of patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke using modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, which include thrombolytic therapy and endovascular treatment. This protocol was created and implemented in Scientific-practical Center of endovascular neuroradiology, NAMS of Ukraine and is based on the latest recommendations of AHA/ASA and ESO, as well as registers of patients with ischemic stroke. The main purpose of this publication is the creation and implementation of «instructions» for the diagnosis and selection of objective tactics for treating patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke.
CУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЛІКУВАННЯ ІНСУЛЬТІВ В УКРАЇНІ *Conflict of Interest Statement (We declare that we have no conflict of interest). *Заява про конфлікт інтересів (Ми заявляємо, що у нас немає ніякого конфлікту інтересів). *Заявление о конфликте интересов (Мы заявляем, что у нас нет никакого конфликта интересов). *No human/animal subjects policy requirements or funding disclosures. *Жодний із об'єктів дослідження (людина/тварина) не підпадає під вимоги політики щодо розкриття інформації фінансування. *Ни один из объектов исследования не подпадает под политику раскрытия информации финансирования. Однією із найпоширеніших причин смертності населення є інсульти, котрі в більшості країн посідають третє місце серед причин смертності. Поширеність інсультів в Україні одна з найбільших в Європі-282,3 випадку на 100 тис. населення, або близько 100 тис. щорічно. Проаналізовані дані МОЗ України, низки лікувальних установ України та м. Києва щодо лікування хворих з інсультами. Показано можливості та перспективи надання медичної допомоги хворим з інсультами у м. Києві та Україні, враховуючи наявні медичні ресурси та ефективне їх використання. Аналіз сучасного стану надання медичної допомоги хворим з гострими порушеннями мозкового кровообігу виявив, що використання нейрохірургічних служб у м. Києві та Україні, котрі мають необхідне обладнання, штат, кадри, служби ургентної допомоги, після незначної реорганізації дасть змогу найближчим часом забезпечити невідкладну допомогу хворим з інсультами.
The clinical case of simultaneous endovascular bloodstream exclusion of arteriovenous malformation and saccular aneurysm in parturient woman is presented. Onyx liquid adhesive composition and monospiral aneurysm occlusion technique were used. Patient X., 31, was hospitalized to the clinic on the 10th day of the postpartum period. From the anamnesis: twice (at 20th and 27th weeks of pregnancy) patient suffered intraventricular hemorrhage due to the rupture of arteriovenous malformation in the posterior third of the corpus callosum, left lateral ventricle and left parietal lobe of the brain. After the first hemorrhage a conservative treatment tactic was determined, given the high risk of complications associated with the surgical intervention for the mother and fetus. After the second hemorrhage endovascular embolization of malformation was suggested, however, the patient and her husband refused surgery, preferring conservative therapy with subsequent surgical treatment after delivery. In addition to the malformation, according to the data of selective cerebral subtraction angiography multiple cerebral saccular aneurysms of the left Anterior Cerebral – Anterior Communicating Artery and 2 Anterior Cerebral Artery aneurysms (A2-A2, A3-A4-segments) on the right side were diagnosed. Endovascular subtotal embolization of arteriovenous malformation and occlusion of the right Anterior Cerebral Artery (A2-A3-segment) saccular aneurysm were performed during the operation. A control angiographic examination after 3 months showed a complete exclusion of these arteriovenous malformation and saccular aneurysm and disappearance of all aneurysms of the left Anterior Cerebral Artery – Anterior Communicating Artery and right Anterior Cerebral Artery (A3-A4-segment).
Background. Surgical treatment of space-occupying orbital masses and cranio-orbital tumors is relevant due to the features of the diagnosis and surgical stage of treatment because of the dense arrangement of neurovascular and muscular structures in a small orbital space. The purpose was to determine the features of the surgical treatment of orbital and cranio-orbital tumors. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 102 patients (76 women, 26 men) with orbital and cranio-orbital tumors who were treated at the Department of Neurosurgery 2 at Kyiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital from 2000 to 2016 was carried out. Results. Eighty-six (84.3 %) patients had benign tumors, 16 (15.7 %) — malignant. Pterional craniotomy with orbitotomy was performed in 72 (70.6 %) cases, lateral orbital approach was used in 20 (19.6 %) patients, and anterior orbitotomy — in 10 (9.8 %). Total tumor resection was achieved in 71 (69.6 %) cases. After the removal of tumors located in the anterior 2/3 of the orbit and orbital apex, a satisfactory and good result was achieved in 93.9 and 92.4 %, respectively. The worst results were obtained after surgical treatment of tumors located in the posterior third of the orbit, which were intra- and extraconal, unsatisfactory results was observed in 37.5 % of cases in each group (II and III). In the early postoperative period, 18 (17.6 %) patients had complications, the most frequent were: visual impairment — 8.8 %, oculomotor disorders — 8.8 %, and ptosis — 5.9 %. However, in 6 patients they regressed by the time of discharge. The risk of complications was higher after the removal of intraconal tumors of the posterior third of the orbit (odds ratio 5.71 (95% confidence interval 1.28–25.55), p = 0.012), and did not depend on histological structure. Conclusions. The choice of a surgical approach for removing orbital and cranio-orbital tumors depends on the relation of the tumor to the plane of optic nerve, muscular cone, optic canal, superior orbital fissure. The results of the treatment for orbital and cranio-orbital tumors depended primarily on the location and spread of the process at the time of surgery. Worsening of symptoms after surgical treatment was found mainly in patients with tumors of the posterior third of the orbit.
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